Whakapā mai mō ētahi atu mōhiohio rahi
Ngā Paipa Whakatakoto Puna Hinu API 5CT J55 K55 N80 L80 C90 P110 – Kaha Teitei, Ātete ki te Pēhanga Teitei, Ātete ki te Waikura
| Taipitopito Hua Paipa Rino Kore Tuitui API 5CT J55 K55 N80 L80 C90 P110 | |
| Ngā māka | J55 K55 N80 L80 C90 P110 |
| Taumata Whakatakotoranga | PSL1 / PSL2 |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | 4 1/2" – 20" (114.3mm – 508mm) |
| Matotoru o te Pakitara (Rārangi) | SCH 40, SCH 80, SCH 160, XXH, matotoru ritenga paerewa API |
| Ngā Momo Hanga | Tuitui kore |
| Momo Mutunga | Pito Maamaa (PE), Miro me te Hononga (TC), Miro (pine me te pouaka) |
| Awhe Roa | 5.8m – 12.2m (ka taea te whakarite) |
| Ngā Taupoki Tiaki | Ngā Taupoki Kirihou / Rapa / Rākau |
| Te Maimoatanga Mata | Taiao, Panipanihia, Peita Pango, Paninga Hinu Ārai-Waikura, FBE, 3PE (3LPE), 3PP, CWC (Panitia Taumaha Konukuraiti) Kua Whakakikoruatia, Kua Raina rānei ki te CRA |
| Tau | C (Waro) | Mn (Mangane) | P (Pūhāota) | S (Whānariki) | Si (Hikona) | Kr (Kōromita) | Mo (Molybdenum) | Ni (Nīkara) | Ku (Parahi) | Ngā Kōrero |
| J55 | 0.28 mōrahi | 1.20 te mōrahi | 0.035 mōrahi | 0.035 mōrahi | 0.25 mōrahi | – | – | – | – | Ngā puna kaha iti, pāpaku |
| K55 | 0.28 mōrahi | 1.20 te mōrahi | 0.035 mōrahi | 0.035 mōrahi | 0.25 mōrahi | – | – | – | – | He rite ki a J55 |
| N80 | 0.33 mōrahi | 1.40 te mōrahi | 0.035 mōrahi | 0.035 mōrahi | 0.35 mōrahi | – | – | – | – | Ngā puna hohonu, kaha waenga |
| L80 | 0.27–0.33 | 1.25 te mōrahi | 0.035 mōrahi | 0.035 mōrahi | 0.25 mōrahi | Kōwhiringa | Kōwhiringa | – | Kōwhiringa | Ngā kōwhiringa ātete-waikura e wātea ana |
| C90 | 0.30–0.36 | 1.40 te mōrahi | 0.035 mōrahi | 0.035 mōrahi | 0.30 mōrahi | Kōwhiringa | Kōwhiringa | – | Kōwhiringa | Ngā puna kaha teitei, pēhanga teitei |
| P110 | 0.28–0.38 | 1.40 te mōrahi | 0.030 mōrahi | 0.030 mōrahi | 0.30 mōrahi | Kōwhiringa | Kōwhiringa | Kōwhiringa | Kōwhiringa | Ngā puna kaha teitei, hohonu/pēhanga teitei |
| Tau | Kaha Hua (YS) | Kaha Hua (YS) | Kaha Kume (TS) | Kaha Kume (TS) | Ngā Kōrero |
| ksi | MPa | ksi | MPa | ||
| J55 | 55 | 380 | 75–95 | 515–655 | Ngā puna kaha iti, pāpaku |
| K55 | 55 | 380 | 75–95 | 515–655 | He rite ki te J55, e whakamahia whānuitia ana |
| N80 | 80 | 550 | 95–115 | 655–795 | Ngā puna hohonu, kaha waenga |
| L80 | 80 | 550 | 95–115 | 655–795 | Ngā kōwhiringa ātete-waikura e wātea ana |
| C90 | 90 | 620 | 105–125 | 725–860 | Ngā puna kaha teitei, pēhanga teitei |
| P110 | 110 | 760 | 125–145 | 860–1000 | Ngā puna kaha teitei, hohonu/pēhanga teitei |
Tūtohi Rahi o te Ngongo Rino Kore-Tuitui API 5CT T95
| Diameter o Waho (in / mm) | Matotoru o te Pakitara (in / mm) | Rārangi Kaupapa / Awhe | Ngā Kōrero |
| 4 1/2" (114.3 mm) | 0.337" – 0.500" (8.56 – 12.7 mm) | SCH 40, SCH 80, XXH | Paerewa |
| 5" (127.0 mm) | 0.362" – 0.500" (9.19 – 12.7 mm) | SCH 40, SCH 80, XXH | Paerewa |
| 5 1/2" (139.7 mm) | 0.375" – 0.531" (9.53 – 13.49 mm) | SCH 40, SCH 80, XXH | Paerewa |
| 6 5/8" (168.3 mm) | 0.432" – 0.625" (10.97 – 15.88 mm) | SCH 40, SCH 80, XXH | Paerewa |
| 7" (177.8 mm) | 0.500" – 0.625" (12.7 – 15.88 mm) | SCH 40, SCH 80, XXH | Paerewa |
| 8 5/8" (219.1 mm) | 0.500" – 0.750" (12.7 – 19.05 mm) | SCH 40, SCH 80, XXH | Paerewa |
| 9 5/8" (244.5 mm) | 0.531" – 0.875" (13.49 – 22.22 mm) | SCH 40, SCH 80, XXH | Paerewa |
| 10 3/4" (273.1 mm) | 0.594" – 0.937" (15.08 – 23.8 mm) | SCH 40, SCH 80, XXH | Paerewa |
| 13 3/8" (339.7 mm) | 0.750" – 1.125" (19.05 – 28.58 mm) | SCH 40, SCH 80, XXH | Paerewa |
| 16" (406.4 mm) | 0.844" – 1.250" (21.44 – 31.75 mm) | SCH 40, SCH 80, XXH | Paerewa |
| 20" (508 mm) | 1.000" – 1.500" (25.4 – 38.1 mm) | SCH 40, SCH 80, XXH | Paerewa |
Pāwhiritia te pātene kei te taha matau
PSL1 = Taumata taketake, e tika ana mō ngā puna hinu noa, he iti ake ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau me te whakahaere, ā, he iti ake te utu.
PSL2 = Taumata teitei, e whakamahia ana mō ngā puna hinu i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino, me ngā whakaritenga tino kaha ake mō te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga hangarau, me te mana kounga.
| Āhuatanga | PSL1 | PSL2 |
| Te Hanganga Matū | Mana whakahaere taketake | Mana whakahaere pakari |
| Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini | Te hua paerewa me te kume | He pakari ake te pumau me te kaha |
| Whakamātautau | Ngā whakamātautau auau | Ngā whakamātautau tāpiri me te NDE |
| Te Whakapūmau Kounga | QA taketake | Te whai i te katoa me te QA tino pakari |
| Utu | I raro | Teitei ake |
| Te Whakamahinga Noa | Ngā puna paerewa | Ngā puna hohonu, pēhanga teitei, pāmahana teitei |
Whakarāpopototanga:
Ko ngā ngongo maitai API 5CT T95 e whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i ngā mahi uaua o te puna hinu me te hau, ina koa he mea nui te kaha, te pakari, me te pono.
| Rohe tono | Whakaahuatanga |
| Te Whakatakoto Puna Hinu me te Hau | Whakamahia hei anga kaha mō ngā puna hōhonu me ngā puna tino hōhonu hei tautoko i te pumau o te poka i raro i te pēhanga me te pāmahana tiketike. |
| Ngongo Hinu me te Hau | Hei ngongo whakaputa mō te tango hinu me te hau, kia haumaru ai, kia whai hua ai hoki te kawe wai. |
| Ngā Mahi Keri | Tautoko ana i te keri i ngā taiao uaua, tae atu ki ngā puna pēhanga teitei, pāmahana teitei (HPHT). |
| Ngā Puna Wai Hōhonu me te Moana-a-Kiwa | He tino pai mō ngā mahi i roto i te wai hohonu me te moana nā te mea he kaha teitei ki te kume me te ātete ki te waikura. |
| Ngā Puna Pēhanga Teitei me te Pāmahana Teitei | He pai mō ngā āhuatanga tino kino e kore ai e taea e ngā ngongo paerewa te tu atu i te ahotea ā-ringa me te pāmahana. |
TE WHAKARITE I NGĀ RAUEMI MATA
Te kōwhiringa o ngā pereki maitai waro kounga teitei.
Manatoko i te hanganga matū kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga mō te tohu T95.
TE WHAKAMAHANA
Ka whakamahanatia ngā pereki i roto i te oumu ki te pāmahana hanga tika (ko te tikanga he 1150–1250°C).
TE WHAKAWERO & TE WHAKAPŪPŪ
Ka werohia ngā pereki wera hei hanga anga kau.
Kātahi ka hurihia ngā angaanga mā te whakamahi i tētahi mira ngongo tuikore kia tutuki ai te diameter o waho (OD) me te matotoru o te pakitara e hiahiatia ana.
TE WHAKARĀHIA ME TE WHAKAWHITI I TE RAHIA
Ka tukuna ngā ngongo mā roto i ngā mira whakaiti-totoru hei whakatutuki i ngā paerewa OD me te matotoru o te pakitara.
TE WHAKAMAHI WERA
Te tineia me te whakamahana hei whakatutuki i ngā āhuatanga ā-ringa e hiahiatia ana (te kaha kume, te kaha tuku, te pakeke, me te pakari).
TE WHAKATIKITI ME TE TAPAHI
Ka whakatikatikahia ngā ngongo, ka tapahia ki ngā roa paerewa (6–12m) ki ngā roa kua tohua e te kiritaki rānei. Ka mīhinihia ngā hononga kounga teitei (NC, LTC, miro ritenga rānei) mēnā e hiahiatia ana.
TE WHAKAMĀTAUTAU KORE-WHAKAPAKARU (NDT)
Mā ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakamātautau ultrasonic (UT) me te tirotiro matūriki aukume (MPI) ka mau te hanganga pumau me te kore he o ngā ngongo.
TE TĀKAI ME TE TUKU
Ka herea ngā ngongo, ka tiakina ki te paninga ārai-waikura, ā, ka tākaihia mō te kawe (he pai mō te ipu, mō te tuku nui rānei).
Kōwhiringa Reo Pāniora Tautoko ā-RoheKei te whakarato tō mātou tari ā-rohe i Madrid i ngā ratonga tohunga i roto i te reo Pāniora, e whakarato ana i tētahi tukanga kawemai maeneene me te wheako kaihoko whakamiharo mō ngā kaihoko puta noa i Amerika Waenganui me Amerika ki te Tonga.
Taonga e wātea anaPono He nui ā mātou paipa rino kei a mātou kia taea ai e mātou te whakaoti wawe i tāu ota, kia taea ai e koe te whakaoti i te kaupapa i te wā tika.
Tākai HaumaruKa takai takitahi ia paipa, ka hiritia ki ngā paparanga o te takai mirumiru, ka tākaihia hoki ki te putea kirihou, kia kore ai e rerekē te āhua, e pakaru rānei te paipa i te wā e kawe ana, mā tēnei ka whakarite i te haumaru o te hua.
Tukunga Tere me te Whai HuaKa tukuna e mātou he tuku ki tāwāhi e rite ana ki tāu kaupapa mahi, me te tuku tika i te wā tika me te tautoko pakari mō ngā mahi kawe.
Te Tākai me te Tukunga o ngā Ngongo Rino Kounga ki Amerika Waenganui
Tākai pakariHe pai te tākai o ā mātou ngongo maitai ki roto i ngā papa rakau kua pania ki te IPPC, e rite ana ki ngā paerewa kaweake o Amerika Waenganui. He kiriuhi ā-wai e toru ngā paparanga kei ia kete hei ātete i te āhuarangi haukū, ā, ko ngā taupoki pito kirihou hei ārai i te puehu me ngā mea ke ki roto i ngā ngongo. Ko ngā kawenga o te waeine he 2 ki te 3 tana e uru ana ki ngā kerēne iti ake pēnei i ērā e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ngā papa mahi hanga i te rohe.
Ngā Kōwhiringa Roa RitengaKo te roa paerewa he 12 mita, ka taea te kawe ngāwari mā te ipu. Ka kitea hoki e koe ngā roa poto ake o te 10 mita, 8 mita rānei nā te herenga o te kawe waka whenua pārūrū i ngā whenua pēnei i a Guatemala me Honduras.
Ngā tuhinga me ngā ratonga katoaKa whakaratohia e mātou ngā tuhinga katoa e hiahiatia ana mō te kawemai ngāwari pēnei i te Tiwhikete Taketake o Pāniora (puka B), te Tiwhikete Rauemi MTC, te Pūrongo SGS, te Rārangi Tākai me te Nama Tauhokohoko. Ka whakatikahia ngā tuhinga hē, ā, ka tukuna anō i roto i ngā haora 24 kia pai ai te tuku i ngā taonga.
Tukunga me te Whakahaere Ratonga PonoKia oti te hanga, ka tukuna ngā taonga ki tētahi kaipuke kore utu, māna e kawe mā uta me te moana. Ko ngā wā whakawhiti noa ko:
Haina → Panama (Tauranga Colon): 30 rā
Haina→Mexico( Manzanillo Port): 28 ra
Haina → Costa RicaCosta Rica (Limon Port): 35 rā
Ka tukuna anō e mātou ngā ratonga tuku taonga mō ngā wā poto mai i te tauranga ki te mara hinu, ki te papa hanga rānei, me te mahi tahi me ngā hoa mahi whakahaere taonga ā-rohe pēnei i a TMM i Panama kia pai ai te whakahaere i ngā ratonga tuku taonga i te wā whakamutunga.
1. He aha teAPI 5CT?
Ko te API 5CT te paerewa ahumahi mō te anga me ngā ngongo o te puna hinu, e whakaatu ana i te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga hangarau, me ngā rahi o ngā paipa maitai e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā puna hinu me te hau.
2. He aha ngā momo noa o te anga me te ngongo API 5CT?
Ko ngā momo paerewa ko J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, me P110, he rerekē te kaha me ngā whānuitanga tono o ia momo:
J55 / K55: Kaha iti, he pai mō ngā puna pāpaku.
N80 / L80: Kaha waenga, he pai mō ngā puna hohonu, ā, kei te L80 ngā kōwhiringa ātete-waikura.
C90 / P110: Kaha teitei, he pai mō ngā poka pēhanga teitei me ngā poka hohonu.
3. He aha ngā whakamahinga matua o ia taumata?
J55 / K55: Ngā puna pāpaku, ngā tono pēhanga iti.
N80 / L80: Ngā puna hohonu ki waenga, ngā pēhanga teitei ake; L80 mō ngā taiao CO₂/H₂S.
C90 / P110: Ngā puna hohonu, pēhanga teitei me ngā taiao tino kino.
4. He hononga kore ēnei paipa, he mea whakarewa rānei?
He hononga-kore (SMLS) te nuinga o ngā anga me ngā ngongo API 5CT hei whakarite i te kaha pēhanga teitei, ahakoa kei reira ētahi momo whakarewa motuhake.
5. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā paipa API 5CT i roto i ngā taiao waikura?
Āe. Ka taea te tuku i ngā momo rite ki te L80, C90, me te P110 hei maitai ātete-waikura (CRS), i hangaia mō ngā āhuatanga H₂S, CO₂, ngā āhuatanga hauota-nui rānei.
6. Me pēhea te whakamātautau i ngā paipa API 5CT?
Ka whakamātauhia ēnei mā te hangarau (te kume, te hua, te roa), te tātari hanganga matū, me te NDT (Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro) pērā i te tirotiro matūriki ultrasonic, aukume rānei hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga API 5CT.
Ngā Taipitopito Whakapā
Wāhitau
Te rohe ahumahi whanaketanga o Kangsheng,
rohe Wuqing, Tianjin pa, Haina.
Ī-mēra
Ngā Hāora
Mane-Rātapu: Ratonga 24-hāora
