API 5L Gr. B/X42 /X52 /X60 /X65 Psl2 Waro Raina Paipa
 
 		     			| Koeke | API 5L Kōeke B, X42, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 | 
| Taumata Whakatakotoranga | PSL1, PSL2 | 
| Awhe Diameter waho | 1/2" ki te 2", 3", 4", 6", 8", 10", 12", 16 inihi, 18 inihi, 20 inihi, 24 inihi ki te 40 inihi. | 
| Apiti Matotoru | SCH 10. SCH 20, SCH 40, SCH STD, SCH 80, SCH XS, ki SCH 160 | 
| Momo Hangahanga | Kore (Hot Rolled and Cold Rolled), Welded ERW (Hoko resistance Welded), SAW (Submerged Arc Welded) i LSAW, DSAW, SSAW, HSAW | 
| Momo Mutunga | He pito piko, He pito mania | 
| Awhe Roa | SRL (Te roa Tupurangi Takitahi), DRL (Taurua Random Length), 20 FT (6 mita), 40FT (12 mita) ranei, whakaritea | 
| Potae Tiaki | he kirihou, he rino ranei | 
| Maimoatanga Mata | Mauriuri, Warnished, Pane Pango, FBE, 3PE (3LPE), 3PP, CWC (Waimaha Taumaha) CRA Whakakakahu, Raina Raina ranei | 
API 5L putorino e pā ana ki te waro maitai putorino whakamahia i roto i te hinu me te hau pūnaha tuku. Ka whakamahia hoki ki te kawe i etahi atu wai penei i te mamaoa, te wai, me te paru.
Ko te tohuhanga API 5L e hipoki ana i nga momo hanga paiherea me nga momo hanga tui.
Momo paiherea: ERW, SAW, DSAW, LSAW, SSAW, HSAW Pipe
Ko nga momo angamaheni o te paipa paiherea API 5L kei raro nei:
ERW: Kei te whakamahia te whakapiri hiko mo te paipa me te diameter iti iho i te 24 inihi.
DSAW/ SAW: Ko te whakahiato arc kua rukuhia te taha-rua/te whakahiato arc ko tetahi atu tikanga mo te whakapiri ka taea te whakamahi hei whakakapi i te ERW mo te paipa diameter nui.
LSAW: Ko te Welding Arc Submerged Longitudinal i whakamahia mo te 48 inihi te whanui o te paipa. E mohiotia ana ko te tukanga hanga JCOE.
SSAW/HSAW: He kopikopiko arc submerged arc fehokowhiowhio/pipiripi submerged arc welding up to 100 inches diameter pipe.
Nga Momo Paipa Tukino: Paipa Tuaro-Hoa me te Paipa Tuaro-Mao.
Ko te putorino tuitui ka whakamahia mo nga paipa iti te whanui (he iti iho i te 24 inihi).
(Ko te paipa maitai tuitui he nui ake te whakamahi i te paipa paiherea mo nga diameter paipa iti iho i te 150 mm (6 inihi).
Ka whakaekea ano e matou he paipa korekore te diameter. Ma te whakamahi i te mahi whakangao wera, ka taea e tatou te whakaputa paipa korekore ki te 20 inihi (508 mm) te whanui. Mena ka hiahia koe ki te paipa tuitui nui ake i te 20 inihi te whanui, ka taea e matou te whakaputa ma te whakamahi i te tukanga wera-whakawhanui ki te 40 inihi (1016 mm) te whanui.
 
 		     			 
 		     			 
 		     			 
 		     			Ko te API 5L e whakaatu ana i nga tohu e whai ake nei: Koeke B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, me X80.
He maha nga tohu rereke o te maitai mo te API 5L paipa maitai penei i te Grade B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, me X80. Na te pikinga o te karaehe rino, he kaha ake te mana o te waro rite, he teitei ake te kaha miihini.
Ano, ko te hanganga matū o te API 5L paipa mokowhiti me te paiherea mo tetahi reanga kaore i te rite, he nui ake nga hiahia o te paipa paihere me te iti o te waro me te whanariki.
| Hanga matū mo te paipa PSL 1 me te t ≤ 0.984” | |||||||
| Koeke maitai | Te hautau papatipu, % i runga i te wera me te tātari hua a,g | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | |
| mōrahi b | mōrahi b | mōrahi | mōrahi | mōrahi | mōrahi | mōrahi | |
| Paipa Tukino | |||||||
| A | 0.22 | 0.9 | 0.03 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 
| B | 0.28 | 1.2 | 0.03 | 0.03 | c,d | c,d | d | 
| X42 | 0.28 | 1.3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d | 
| X46 | 0.28 | 1.4 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d | 
| X52 | 0.28 | 1.4 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d | 
| X56 | 0.28 | 1.4 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d | 
| X60 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f | 
| X65 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f | 
| X70 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f | 
| Paipa paiherea | |||||||
| A | 0.22 | 0.9 | 0.03 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 
| B | 0.26 | 1.2 | 0.03 | 0.03 | c,d | c,d | d | 
| X42 | 0.26 | 1.3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d | 
| X46 | 0.26 | 1.4 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d | 
| X52 | 0.26 | 1.4 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d | 
| X56 | 0.26 | 1.4 | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d | 
| X60 | 0.26 e | 1.40 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f | 
| X65 | 0.26 e | 1.45 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f | 
| X70 | 0.26e | 1.65 e | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f | 
| a. Cu ≤ = 0.50% Ni; ≤ 0.50%; Cr ≤ 0.50%; me te Mo ≤ 0.15%, | |||||||
| b. Mo ia whakahekenga o te 0.01% i raro iho i te kukū morahi kua tohua mo te waro, ka whakaaetia kia piki ake te 0.05% ki runga ake i te kukū morahi kua tohua mo Mn, tae atu ki te 1.65% teitei mo nga tohu ≥ L245, B ranei, engari ≤ L360, X52 ranei; tae atu ki te 1.75% morahi mo nga tohu > L360, X52 ranei, engari < L485, X70 ranei; tae atu ki te 2.00% morahi mo te auroro L485, X70 ranei., | |||||||
| c. Ki te kore e whakaae NB + V ≤ 0.06%, | |||||||
| d. Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15%, | |||||||
| e. Ki te kore e whakaae., | |||||||
| f. Ki te kore e whakaaehia, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15%, | |||||||
| g. Karekau he taapiringa pai o B e whakaaetia ana ko te toenga B ≤ 0.001% | |||||||
| Tito matū mo te paipa PSL 2 me te t ≤ 0.984” | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Koeke maitai | Hautau papatipu, % i runga i te wera me te tātari hua | Carbon Equiv a | |||||||||||||||||||
| C | Si | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | Ētahi atu | CE IIW | CE Pcm | |||||||||||
| mōrahi b | mōrahi | mōrahi b | mōrahi | mōrahi | mōrahi | mōrahi | mōrahi | mōrahi | mōrahi | ||||||||||||
| Paipa Tukino me te Paiherea | |||||||||||||||||||||
| BR | 0.24 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.025 | 0.015 | c | c | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X42R | 0.24 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| BN | 0.24 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.025 | 0.015 | c | c | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X42N | 0.24 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X46N | 0.24 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | d,e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X52N | 0.24 | 0.45 | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.04 | d,e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X56N | 0.24 | 0.45 | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.10f | 0.05 | 0.04 | d,e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X60N | 0.24f | 0.45f | 1.40f | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.10f | 0.05f | 0.04f | g,h,l | I whakaae | |||||||||||
| BQ | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X42Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X46Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X52Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.5 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X56Q | 0.18 | 0.45f | 1.5 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X60Q | 0.18f | 0.45f | 1.70f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X65Q | 0.18f | 0.45f | 1.70f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X70Q | 0.18f | 0.45f | 1.80f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X80Q | 0.18f | 0.45f | 1.90f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | ahau, j | I whakaae | |||||||||||
| X90Q | 0.16f | 0.45f | 1.9 | 0.02 | 0.01 | g | g | g | j,k | I whakaae | |||||||||||
| X100Q | 0.16f | 0.45f | 1.9 | 0.02 | 0.01 | g | g | g | j,k | I whakaae | |||||||||||
| Paipa paiherea | |||||||||||||||||||||
| BM | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.2 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X42M | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.3 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X46M | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.3 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X52M | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | d | d | d | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X56M | 0.22 | 0.45f | 1.4 | 0.025 | 0.015 | d | d | d | e,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X60M | 0.12f | 0.45f | 1.60f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X65M | 0.12f | 0.45f | 1.60f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X70M | 0.12f | 0.45f | 1.70f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h,l | 0.43 | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X80M | 0.12f | 0.45f | 1.85f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | ahau, j | .043f | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X90M | 0.1 | 0.55f | 2.10f | 0.02 | 0.01 | g | g | g | ahau, j | – | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| X100M | 0.1 | 0.55f | 2.10f | 0.02 | 0.01 | g | g | g | ahau, j | – | 0.25 | ||||||||||
| a. SMLS t>0.787", ka rite nga here CE. Ko nga rohe CEIIW ka whakamahia ki te C> 0.12% ka pa nga rohe CEPcm ki te C ≤ 0.12%, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| b. Mo ia whakahekenga o te 0.01% i raro iho i te morahi kua tohua mo C, ka whakaaetia kia piki ake te 0.05% ki runga ake i te morahi kua tohua mo Mn, tae atu ki te 1.65% morahi mo nga tohu ≥ L245, B ranei, engari ≤ L360, X52 ranei; tae atu ki te 1.75% morahi mo nga tohu > L360, X52 ranei, engari < L485, X70 ranei; tae atu ki te 2.00% teitei mo nga tohu ≥ L485, X70 ranei, engari ≤ L555 ranei X80; tae atu ki te 2.20% morahi mo nga tohu > L555, X80 ranei., | |||||||||||||||||||||
| c. Ki te kore e whakaaehia Nb = V ≤ 0.06%, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| d. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| e. Ki te kore e whakaaehia, Cu ≤ 0.50%; Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% me Mo ≤ 0.15%, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| f. Ki te kore e whakaaehia, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| g. Ki te kore e whakaaehia, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| h. Ki te kore e whakaaehia, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% me MO ≤ 0.50%, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| i. Ki te kore e whakaaehia, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% me MO ≤ 0.50%, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| j. B ≤ 0.004%, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| k. Ki te kore e whakaaehia, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% me MO ≤ 0.80%, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| l. Mo nga reanga paipa PSL 2 engari ko nga tohu kei te tuhipoka j kua tuhia, ko enei e pa ana. Ki te kore e whakaaehia, karekau he taapiri i te B ka whakaaetia me te toenga B ≤ 0.001%. | |||||||||||||||||||||
 
 		     			| PSL | Tikanga Tukunga | Koeke paipa | 
| PSL1 | Ka rite ki te hurihia, ka whakanoa, ka hangaia | A | 
| Ka hurihia, ka huri noa, ka takahurihia te whakamaarama, ka hangaia te wera-miihini, ka hangaia te tikanga, ka whakatauritea, ka whakamaarama me te whakamaarama, ki te whakaae ranei Q&T SMLS anake | B | |
| Ka rite ki te hurihia, te whakahurihuri, te takai werawera, te hanga-mahana, te hanga noa, te whakanoa, te whakamaarama me te whakamaarama | X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70 | |
| PSL 2 | Ka hurihia | BR, X42R | 
| Ko te whakaraerae i te hurihanga, te whakaraerae i te hanga, te whakahoahoa, te whakahoahoa ranei me te whakama | BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N | |
| Kua tineia me te riri | BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q | |
| Thermomechanical hurihia, thermomechanical ranei i hanga | BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M | |
| Thermmechanical hurihia | X90M, X100M, X120M | |
| Ko te nui (R, N, Q, M ranei) mo nga tohu PSL2, no te karaehe rino | 
He rereke te PSL1 me te PSL2 i roto i te whānuitanga o te whakamatautau me o raatau matū me te miihini.
Ko te PSL2 he kaha ake i te PSL1 i roto i te hanganga matū, i nga ahuatanga tensile, i te whakamatautau paanga, i te whakamatautau kore-whakangaro me etahi atu.
 Whakamātautau Pānga
Ko te PSL2 anake e hiahia ana kia whakamatauria te paanga: engari ko X80.
NDT: Whakamatau Kore Whakamate. Karekau a PSL1 e hiahia ki te whakamatau i nga whakamatautau kore kino mena ka whakahekehia nga whakamatautau kore kino. PSL2 te mahi.
(Te whakamatautau kore-whakangaro: Ko te whakamatautau me te whakamatautau kore-whakangaro i roto i te paerewa API 5L e whakamahi ana i te reo irirangi, te ultrasonic, me etahi atu tikanga (kaore e whakangaro i nga rauemi) ki te kite i nga hapa me nga ngoikoretanga i roto i nga paipa.)
 
 		     			 
 		     			 
 		     			Ko te takaite tikanga tahanga, here waea maitai, tinokaha.
 Mena kei a koe nga whakaritenga motuhake, ka taea e koe te whakamahitakai waikura, me te ataahua ake.
Whakatupato mo te takai me te kawe i nga paipa maitai waro
1.API 5L Paipa maitaime tiakina mai i nga kino i puta mai i te tukinga, te tangohanga me te tapahi i te wa o te kawe, te rokiroki me te whakamahi.
2. I a koe e whakahaere ana i nga paipa maitai waro Me aro koe ki te pahūtanga, te ahi, te paihana me etahi atu aitua, me te whai i nga tikanga whakahaere haumaru.
3. I te wa e whakamahia ana,waro maitai API 5L Paipame karo i te pa atu ki nga wera teitei, nga papaa kino, me era atu. Mena ka whakamahia i enei taiao, me whiriwhiri nga paipa waro maitai i hangaia mai i nga mea motuhake penei i te aukati teitei me te aukati waikura.
4. Ko te kowhiringa o te putorino waro paipa kia pai ki nga mea e tika ana me nga whakaritenga e ai ki nga ahuatanga matawhānui tae atu ki te taiao whakamahi, te ahua reo, te pehanga, te pāmahana me etahi atu.
5. Me whakahaere nga tirotiro me nga whakamatautau i mua i te whakamahinga o te paipa waro waro hei whakamatau i tona kounga ki te paerewa.
 
 		     			 
 		     			 
 		     			Te waka:Whakaaturanga (Tauira Tuku), Air, Rail, Whenua, kaipuke moana (FCL, LCL ranei, Nui ranei)
 
 		     			 
 		     			 
 		     			 
 		     			 
 		     			Q: He kaihanga koe?
A: Ae, ko matou te kaihanga ngongo maitai e noho ana i te kainga o Daqiuzhuang, taone nui o Tianjin, Haina.
Q: Ka taea e au te tono whakamatautau he maha noa nga taranata?
A: Ko te tikanga. Ka taea e matou te tuku utanga mo koe me te LCL serivece.(He iti ake te uta ipu)
Q: Mena he tauira kore utu?
A: Tauira kore utu, engari ka utua e te kaihoko te utu.
Q: He kaiwhakarato koura koe me te mahi tauhokohoko hokohoko?
A: 13 tau te kaiwhakarato koura me te whakaae ki te whakapumautanga hokohoko.
 
       










