ASTM A992 6*12 / 12*16 Hot Rolled American Wide Flange Steel Beams W Beam

Ko nga kurupae whaanui whaanui w te tira wera he mea tino noa o nga kurupae katoa, he kaitono pai mo te nuinga o nga tikanga tukatuka. I te nuinga o nga wa ka tohuhia e te kakano puru-hina, nga kopa kore-tapered, me te tukutuku pokapū matotoru mo te kaha ake. Ka whakamahia nuitia i roto i te umanga hanga, ko nga kurupae flange whanui he mea hanga paerewa, i te nuinga o te waa ki te kawe i nga kawenga whakawhiti ki tona tuaka roa (paetukutuku). He nui ake te taumaha o nga kurupae flange whanui maitai i nga kurupae w paerewa, kurupae teina ranei.ASTM A992 / A572-50 / A529-50 ko nga whakaritenga paerewa mo te rino hanganga.
Mo etahi atu korero mo te rahi o nga taonga, me / ranei nga tono tiwhikete me waea atu ki a maatauKaiwhakahaere Hoko.
Nga Kurupae W - Nga Kurupae Flange Wide Amerika - Tawhā Pateko
Tohunga | Hohonutanga | Whānui | Te Matotoru Tukutuku | Te Matotoru Flange | Wāhanga Wāhanga | Taumaha | Tawhā pateko | |||
Imperial | h | w | tw | tf | (i roto2) | (lbf/ft) | ||||
(i roto i te x lb/ft) | (i roto) | (i roto) | (i roto) | (i roto) | Momeniti o te Inertia | Kōwae Wāhanga Elastic | ||||
Ix | Iy | Sx | Sy | |||||||
(i roto i te4) | (i roto i te4) | (i roto i te3) | (i roto i te3) | |||||||
W 27 x 178 | 27.8 | 14.09 | 0.725 | 1.19 | 52.3 | 178 | 6990 | 555 | 502 | 78.8 |
W 27 x 161 | 27.6 | 14.02 | 0.66 | 1.08 | 47.4 | 161 | 6280 | 497 | 455 | 70.9 |
W 27 x 146 | 27.4 | 14 | 0.605 | 0.975 | 42.9 | 146 | 5630 | 443 | 411 | 63.5 |
W 27 x 114 | 27.3 | 10.07 | 0.57 | 0.93 | 33.5 | 114 | 4090 | 159 | 299 | 31.5 |
W 27×102 | 27.1 | 10.02 | 0.515 | 0.83 | 30 | 102 | 3620 | 139 | 267 | 27.8 |
W 27 x 94 | 26.9 | 10 | 0.49 | 0.745 | 27.7 | 94 | 3270 | 124 | 243 | 24.8 |
W 27 x 84 | 26.7 | 9.96 | 0.46 | 0.64 | 24.8 | 84 | 2850 | 106 | 213 | 21.2 |
W 24 x 162 | 25 | 13 | 0.705 | 1.22 | 47.7 | 162 | 5170 | 443 | 414 | 68.4 |
W 24 x 146 | 24.7 | 12.9 | 0.65 | 1.09 | 43 | 146 | 4580 | 391 | 371 | 60.5 |
W 24 x 131 | 24.5 | 12.9 | 0.605 | 0.96 | 38.5 | 131 | 4020 | 340 | 329 | 53 |
W 24 x 117 | 24.3 | 12.8 | 0.55 | 0.85 | 34.4 | 117 | 3540 | 297 | 291 | 46.5 |
W 24×104 | 24.1 | 12.75 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 30.6 | 104 | 3100 | 259 | 258 | 40.7 |
W 24 x 94 | 24.1 | 9.07 | 0.515 | 0.875 | 27.7 | 94 | 2700 | 109 | 222 | 24 |
W 24 x 84 | 24.1 | 9.02 | 0.47 | 0.77 | 24.7 | 84 | 2370 | 94.4 | 196 | 20.9 |
W 24 x 76 | 23.9 | 9 | 0.44 | 0.68 | 22.4 | 76 | 2100 | 82.5 | 176 | 18.4 |
W 24 x 68 | 23.7 | 8.97 | 0.415 | 0.585 | 20.1 | 68 | 1830 | 70.4 | 154 | 15.7 |
W 24 x 62 | 23.7 | 7.04 | 0.43 | 0.59 | 18.2 | 62 | 1550 | 34.5 | 131 | 9.8 |
W 24 x 55 | 23.6 | 7.01 | 0.395 | 0.505 | 16.2 | 55 | 1350 | 29.1 | 114 | 8.3 |
W 21 x 147 | 22.1 | 12.51 | 0.72 | 1.15 | 43.2 | 147 | 3630 | 376 | 329 | 60.1 |
W 21 x 132 | 21.8 | 12.44 | 0.65 | 1.035 | 38.8 | 132 | 3220 | 333 | 295 | 53.5 |
W 21 x 122 | 21.7 | 12.39 | 0.6 | 0.96 | 35.9 | 122 | 2960 | 305 | 273 | 49.2 |
W 21 x 111 | 21.5 | 12.34 | 0.55 | 0.875 | 32.7 | 111 | 2670 | 274 | 249 | 44.5 |
W 21×101 | 21.4 | 12.29 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 29.8 | 101 | 2420 | 248 | 227 | 40.3 |
W 21 x 93 | 21.6 | 8.42 | 0.58 | 0.93 | 27.3 | 93 | 2070 | 92.9 | 192 | 22.1 |
W 21 x 83 | 21.4 | 8.36 | 0.515 | 0.835 | 24.3 | 83 | 1830 | 81.4 | 171 | 19.5 |
W 21 x 73 | 21.2 | 8.3 | 0.455 | 0.74 | 21.5 | 73 | 1600 | 70.6 | 151 | 17 |
W 21 x 68 | 21.1 | 8.27 | 0.43 | 0.685 | 20 | 68 | 1480 | 64.7 | 140 | 15.7 |
W 21 x 62 | 21 | 8.24 | 0.4 | 0.615 | 18.3 | 62 | 1330 | 57.5 | 127 | 13.9 |
W 21 x 57 | 21.1 | 6.56 | 0.405 | 0.65 | 16.7 | 57 | 1170 | 30.6 | 111 | 9.4 |
W 21 x 50 | 20.8 | 6.53 | 0.38 | 0.535 | 14.7 | 50 | 984 | 24.9 | 94.5 | 7.6 |
W 21 x 44 | 20.7 | 6.5 | 0.35 | 0.45 | 13 | 44 | 843 | 20.7 | 81.6 | 6.4 |
W 18 x 119 | 19 | 11.27 | 0.655 | 1.06 | 35.1 | 119 | 2190 | 253 | 231 | 44.9 |
W 18×106 | 18.7 | 11.2 | 0.59 | 0.94 | 31.1 | 106 | 1910 | 220 | 204 | 39.4 |
W 18 x 97 | 18.6 | 11.15 | 0.535 | 0.87 | 28.5 | 97 | 1750 | 201 | 188 | 36.1 |
W 18 x 86 | 18.4 | 11.09 | 0.48 | 0.77 | 25.3 | 86 | 1530 | 175 | 166 | 31.6 |
W 18 x 76 | 18.2 | 11.04 | 0.425 | 0.68 | 22.3 | 76 | 1330 | 152 | 146 | 27.6 |
W 18 x 71 | 18.5 | 7.64 | 0.495 | 0.81 | 20.8 | 71 | 1170 | 60.3 | 127 | 15.8 |
W 18 x 65 | 18.4 | 7.59 | 0.45 | 0.75 | 19.1 | 65 | 1070 | 54.8 | 117 | 14.4 |
W 18 x 60 | 18.2 | 7.56 | 0.415 | 0.695 | 17.6 | 60 | 984 | 50.1 | 108 | 13.3 |
W 18 x 55 | 18.1 | 7.53 | 0.39 | 0.63 | 16.2 | 55 | 890 | 44.9 | 98.3 | 11.9 |
W 18 x 50 | 18 | 7.5 | 0.355 | 0.57 | 14.7 | 50 | 800 | 40.1 | 88.9 | 10.7 |
W 18 x 46 | 18.1 | 6.06 | 0.36 | 0.605 | 13.5 | 46 | 712 | 22.5 | 78.8 | 7.4 |
W 18 x 40 | 17.9 | 6.02 | 0.315 | 0.525 | 11.8 | 40 | 612 | 19.1 | 68.4 | 6.4 |
W 18 x 35 | 17.7 | 6 | 0.3 | 0.425 | 10.3 | 35 | 510 | 15.3 | 57.6 | 5.1 |
W 16×100 | 16.97 | 10.425 | 0.585 | 0.985 | 29.4 | 100 | 1490 | 186 | 175 | 35.7 |
W 16 x 89 | 16.75 | 10.365 | 0.525 | 0.875 | 26.2 | 89 | 1300 | 163 | 155 | 31.4 |
W 16 x 77 | 16.52 | 10.295 | 0.455 | 0.76 | 22.6 | 77 | 1100 | 138 | 134 | 26.9 |
W 16 x 67 | 16.33 | 10.235 | 0.395 | 0.665 | 19.7 | 67 | 954 | 119 | 117 | 23.2 |
W 16 x 57 | 16.43 | 7.12 | 0.43 | 0.715 | 16.8 | 57 | 758 | 43.1 | 92.2 | 12.1 |
W 16 x 50 | 16.26 | 7.07 | 0.38 | 0.63 | 14.7 | 50 | 659 | 37.2 | 81 | 10.5 |
W 16 x 45 | 16.13 | 7.035 | 0.345 | 0.565 | 13.3 | 45 | 586 | 32.8 | 72.7 | 9.3 |
W 16 x 40 | 16.01 | 6.995 | 0.305 | 0.505 | 11.8 | 40 | 518 | 28.9 | 64.7 | 8.3 |
W 16 x 36 | 15.86 | 6.985 | 0.295 | 0.43 | 10.6 | 36 | 448 | 24.5 | 56.5 | 7 |
W 16 x 31 | 15.88 | 5.525 | 0.275 | 0.44 | 9.12 | 31 | 375 | 12.4 | 47.2 | 4.5 |
W 16 x 26 | 15.69 | 5.5 | 0.25 | 0.345 | 7.68 | 26 | 301 | 9.6 | 38.4 | 3.5 |
W 14 x 132 | 14.66 | 14.725 | 0.645 | 1.03 | 38.8 | 132 | 1530 | 548 | 209 | 74.5 |
W 14 x 120 | 14.48 | 14.67 | 0.59 | 0.94 | 35.3 | 120 | 1380 | 495 | 190 | 67.5 |
W 14×109 | 14.32 | 14.605 | 0.525 | 0.86 | 32 | 109 | 1240 | 447 | 173 | 61.2 |
W 14 x 99 | 14.16 | 14.565 | 0.485 | 0.78 | 29.1 | 99 | 1110 | 402 | 157 | 55.2 |
W 14 x 90 | 14.02 | 14.52 | 0.44 | 0.71 | 26.5 | 90 | 999 | 362 | 143 | 49.9 |
W 14 x 82 | 14.31 | 10.13 | 0.51 | 0.855 | 24.1 | 82 | 882 | 148 | 123 | 29.3 |
W 14 x 74 | 14.17 | 10.07 | 0.45 | 0.785 | 21.8 | 74 | 796 | 134 | 112 | 26.6 |
W 14 x 68 | 14.04 | 10.035 | 0.415 | 0.72 | 20 | 68 | 723 | 121 | 103 | 24.2 |
W 14 x 61 | 13.89 | 9.995 | 0.375 | 0.645 | 17.9 | 61 | 640 | 107 | 92.2 | 21.5 |
W 14 x 53 | 13.92 | 8.06 | 0.37 | 0.66 | 15.6 | 53 | 541 | 57.7 | 77.8 | 14.3 |
W 14 x 48 | 13.79 | 8.03 | 0.34 | 0.595 | 14.1 | 48 | 485 | 51.4 | 70.3 | 12.8 |
W 14 x 43 | 13.66 | 7.995 | 0.305 | 0.53 | 12.6 | 43 | 428 | 45.2 | 62.7 | 11.3 |
W 14 x 38 | 14.1 | 6.77 | 0.31 | 0.515 | 11.2 | 38 | 385 | 26.7 | 54.6 | 7.9 |
W 14 x 34 | 13.98 | 6.745 | 0.285 | 0.455 | 10 | 34 | 340 | 23.3 | 48.6 | 6.9 |
W 14 x 30 | 13.84 | 6.73 | 0.27 | 0.385 | 8.85 | 30 | 291 | 19.6 | 42 | 5.8 |
W 14 x 26 | 13.91 | 5.025 | 0.255 | 0.42 | 7.69 | 26 | 245 | 8.9 | 35.3 | 3.5 |
W 14 x 22 | 13.74 | 5 | 0.23 | 0.335 | 6.49 | 22 | 199 | 7 | 29 | 2.8 |
W 12 x 136 | 13.41 | 12.4 | 0.79 | 1.25 | 39.9 | 136 | 1240 | 398 | 186 | 64.2 |
W 12 x 120 | 13.12 | 12.32 | 0.71 | 1.105 | 35.3 | 120 | 1070 | 345 | 163 | 56 |
W 12×106 | 12.89 | 12.22 | 0.61 | 0.99 | 31.2 | 106 | 933 | 301 | 145 | 49.3 |
W 12 x 96 | 12.71 | 12.16 | 0.55 | 0.9 | 28.2 | 96 | 833 | 270 | 131 | 44.4 |
W 12 x 87 | 12.53 | 12.125 | 0.515 | 0.81 | 25.6 | 87 | 740 | 241 | 118 | 39.7 |
W 12 x 79 | 12.38 | 12.08 | 0.47 | 0.735 | 23.2 | 79 | 662 | 216 | 107 | 35.8 |
W 12 x 72 | 12.25 | 12.04 | 0.43 | 0.67 | 21.1 | 72 | 597 | 195 | 97.4 | 32.4 |
W 12 x 65 | 12.12 | 12 | 0.39 | 0.605 | 19.1 | 65 | 533 | 174 | 87.9 | 29.1 |
W 12 x 58 | 12.19 | 10.01 | 0.36 | 0.64 | 17 | 58 | 475 | 107 | 78 | 21.4 |
W 12 x 53 | 12.06 | 9.995 | 0.345 | 0.575 | 15.6 | 53 | 425 | 95.8 | 70.6 | 19.2 |
W 12 x 50 | 12.19 | 8.08 | 0.37 | 0.64 | 14.7 | 50 | 394 | 56.3 | 64.7 | 13.9 |
W 12 x 45 | 12.06 | 8.045 | 0.335 | 0.575 | 13.2 | 45 | 350 | 50 | 58.1 | 12.4 |
W 12 x 40 | 11.94 | 8.005 | 0.295 | 0.515 | 11.8 | 40 | 310 | 44.1 | 51.9 | 11 |
W 12 x 35 | 12.5 | 6.56 | 0.3 | 0.52 | 10.3 | 35 | 285 | 24.5 | 45.6 | 7.5 |
W 12 x 30 | 12.34 | 6.52 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 8.8 | 30 | 238 | 20.3 | 38.6 | 6.2 |
W 12 x 26 | 12.22 | 6.49 | 0.23 | 0.38 | 7.7 | 26 | 204 | 17.3 | 33.4 | 5.3 |
W 12 x 22 | 12.31 | 4.03 | 0.26 | 0.425 | 6.5 | 22 | 156 | 4.7 | 25.4 | 2.3 |
W 12 x 19 | 12.16 | 4.005 | 0.235 | 0.35 | 5.6 | 19 | 130 | 3.8 | 21.3 | 1.9 |
W 12 x 16 | 11.99 | 3.99 | 0.22 | 0.265 | 4.7 | 16 | 103 | 2.8 | 17.1 | 1.4 |
W 12 x 14 | 11.91 | 3.97 | 0.2 | 0.225 | 4.2 | 14 | 88.6 | 2.4 | 14.9 | 1.2 |
W 10 x 112 | 11.36 | 10.415 | 0.755 | 1.25 | 32.9 | 112 | 716 | 236 | 126 | 45.3 |
W 10×100 | 11.1 | 10.34 | 0.68 | 1.112 | 29.4 | 100 | 623 | 207 | 112 | 40 |
W 10 x 88 | 10.84 | 10.265 | 0.605 | 0.99 | 25.9 | 88 | 534 | 179 | 98.5 | 34.8 |
W 10 x 77 | 10.6 | 10.19 | 0.53 | 0.87 | 22.6 | 77 | 455 | 154 | 85.9 | 30.1 |
W 10 x 68 | 10.4 | 10.13 | 0.47 | 0.77 | 20 | 68 | 394 | 134 | 75.7 | 26.4 |
W 10 x 60 | 10.22 | 10.08 | 0.42 | 0.68 | 17.6 | 60 | 341 | 116 | 66.7 | 23 |
W 10 x 54 | 10.09 | 10.03 | 0.37 | 0.615 | 15.8 | 54 | 303 | 103 | 60 | 20.6 |
W 10 x 49 | 9.98 | 10 | 0.34 | 0.56 | 14.4 | 49 | 272 | 93.4 | 54.6 | 18.7 |
W 10 x 45 | 10.1 | 8.02 | 0.35 | 0.62 | 13.3 | 45 | 248 | 53.4 | 49.1 | 13.3 |
W 10 x 39 | 9.92 | 7.985 | 0.315 | 0.53 | 11.5 | 39 | 209 | 45 | 42.1 | 11.3 |
W 10 x 33 | 9.73 | 7.96 | 0.29 | 0.435 | 9.71 | 33 | 170 | 36.6 | 35 | 9.2 |
W 10 x 30 | 10.47 | 5.81 | 0.3 | 0.51 | 8.84 | 30 | 170 | 16.7 | 32.4 | 5.8 |
W 10 x 26 | 10.33 | 5.77 | 0.26 | 0.44 | 7.6 | 26 | 144 | 14.1 | 27.9 | 4.9 |
W 10 x 22 | 10.17 | 5.75 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 6.5 | 22 | 118 | 11.4 | 23.2 | 4 |
W 10 x 19 | 10.24 | 4.02 | 0.25 | 0.395 | 5.6 | 19 | 96.3 | 4.3 | 18.8 | 2.1 |
W 10 x 17 | 10.11 | 4.01 | 0.24 | 0.33 | 5 | 17 | 81.9 | 3.6 | 16.2 | 1.8 |
W 10 x 15 | 9.99 | 4 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 4.4 | 15 | 68.9 | 2.9 | 13.8 | 1.5 |
W 10 x 12 | 9.87 | 3.96 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 3.5 | 12 | 53.8 | 2.2 | 10.9 | 1.1 |
W 8 x 67 | 9 | 8.28 | 0.57 | 0.935 | 19.7 | 67 | 272 | 88.6 | 60.4 | 21.4 |
W 8 x 58 | 8.75 | 8.22 | 0.51 | 0.81 | 17.1 | 58 | 228 | 75.1 | 52 | 18.3 |
W 8 x 48 | 8.5 | 8.11 | 0.4 | 0.685 | 14.1 | 48 | 184 | 60.9 | 43.3 | 15 |
W 8 x 40 | 8.25 | 8.07 | 0.36 | 0.56 | 11.7 | 40 | 146 | 49.1 | 35.5 | 12.2 |
W 8 x 35 | 8.12 | 8.02 | 0.31 | 0.495 | 10.3 | 35 | 127 | 42.6 | 31.2 | 10.6 |
W 8 x 31 | 8 | 7.995 | 0.285 | 0.435 | 9.1 | 31 | 110 | 37.1 | 27.5 | 9.3 |
W 8 x 28 | 8.06 | 6.535 | 0.285 | 0.465 | 8.3 | 28 | 98 | 21.7 | 24.3 | 6.6 |
W 8 x 24 | 7.93 | 6.495 | 0.245 | 0.4 | 7.1 | 24 | 82.8 | 18.3 | 20.9 | 5.6 |
W 8 x 21 | 8.28 | 5.27 | 0.25 | 0.4 | 6.2 | 21 | 75.3 | 9.8 | 18.2 | 3.7 |
W 8 x 18 | 8.14 | 5.25 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 5.3 | 18 | 61.9 | 8 | 15.2 | 3 |
W 8 x 15 | 8.11 | 4.015 | 0.245 | 0.315 | 4.4 | 15 | 48 | 3.4 | 11.8 | 1.7 |
W 8 x 13 | 7.99 | 4 | 0.23 | 0.255 | 3.8 | 13 | 39.6 | 2.7 | 9.9 | 1.4 |
W 8×10 | 7.89 | 3.94 | 0.17 | 0.205 | 2.9 | 10 | 30.8 | 2.1 | 7.8 | 1.1 |
W 6 x 25 | 6.38 | 6.08 | 0.32 | 0.455 | 7.3 | 25 | 53.4 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 5.6 |
W 6 x 20 | 6.2 | 6.02 | 0.26 | 0.365 | 5.9 | 20 | 41.4 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 4.4 |
W 6 x 16 | 6.28 | 4.03 | 0.26 | 0.405 | 4.7 | 16 | 32.1 | 4.4 | 10.2 | 2.2 |
W 6 x 15 | 5.99 | 5.99 | 0.23 | 0.26 | 4.4 | 15 | 29.1 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 3.1 |
W 6 x 12 | 6.03 | 4 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 3.6 | 12 | 22.1 | 3 | 7.3 | 1.5 |
W 6 x 9 | 5.9 | 3.94 | 0.17 | 0.215 | 2.7 | 9 | 16.4 | 2.2 | 5.6 | 1.1 |
W 5 x 19 | 5.15 | 5.03 | 0.27 | 0.43 | 5.5 | 19 | 26.2 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 3.6 |
W 5 x 16 | 5.01 | 5 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 4.7 | 16 | 21.3 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 3 |
W 4 x 13 | 4.16 | 4.06 | 0.28 | 0.345 | 3.8 | 13 | 11.3 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 1.9 |
Nga ahuatanga
ASTM
KAUPAPA KAUPAPA | |
Huānga | Te ōrau |
C | 0.23 |
Mn | 0.5 - 1.6 |
Si | 0.4 |
V | 0.15 |
Co | 0.05 |
P | 0.035 |
S | 0.045 |
HE KORERO MAHI | ||
Imperial | Inenga | |
Te Kaha Whakamutunga | 65,000pa | 448 MPa |
Tukua Te Kaha Tensile | 50,000psi | 345 MPa |
Ko te hanganga matū me nga taonga miihini e whakaratohia ana i runga ake nei he tata whanui. Tena koa whakapiri mai ki ta maatau kaiwhakahaere hoko ki te tiki i tetahi ripoata whakamatautau rauemi.
W Beam Steelhe ahua ohaoha me te ahua whitinga rite ki te reta Latin matua h, e mohiotia ana ko nga kurupae rino mo te ao, nga kurupae I-whanui, nga kurupae-I whakarara ranei. Ko te waahanga o te maitai H-ahua e rua nga waahanga: te paetukutuku me te flange, e kiia ana ko te hope me te taha. Ko te matotoru tukutuku o te maitai H-ahua he iti ake i tera o nga kurupae I noa me te teitei o te paetukutuku, a he nui ake te whanui o te flange i tera o nga kurupae I noa me te teitei o te paetukutuku, no reira ka kiia ano ko te whanui I-beam.

w kurupae, na te nui o te kaha me te whai hua o te utu, kua waiho hei taonga matua mo nga hanganga maitai o naianei me te whakamahi whanui i:
Hangahanga: Nga tipu ahumahi, nga anga whare teitei, me nga waahi whanui (penei i nga taunga rererangi me nga papa tapere);
Piriti Hangarau: Nga kurupae matua me nga pou mo nga piriti reriwe me te huarahi nui, ina koa nga hanganga rino whanui-rahi;
Te Hanga Miihini: Nga papa taputapu taumaha, nga kurupae ara warou, nga keera kaipuke, aha atu;
Ahumahi Pungao me te Ahumahi matū: Nga papa maitai, nga pourewa, nga pou, me etahi atu waahi ahumahi.





1. He aha o utu?
Ko o maatau utu ka huri ke i runga i te tuku me etahi atu ahuatanga o te maakete. Ka tukuna atu e matou he rarangi utu whakahou i muri i to whakapiri atu ki to kamupene
matou mo etahi atu korero.
2. He iti rawa to ota tono?
Ae, e hiahia ana matou ki nga ota katoa o te ao kia mau tonu te rahinga ota iti. Mena kei te rapu koe ki te hoko atu engari he iti ake nga rahinga, ka tūtohu kia tirohia to maatau paetukutuku
3. Ka taea e koe te tuku i nga tuhinga e tika ana?
Ae, ka taea e matou te whakarato te nuinga o nga tuhinga tae atu ki nga Tiwhikete Tiwhikete / Whakaritenga; Inihua; Taketake, me etahi atu tuhinga kaweake ina hiahiatia.
4. He aha te wa arahi?
Mo nga tauira, ko te wa arahi e tata ana ki te 7 ra. Mo te hanga papatipu, ko te wa arahi ko te 5-20 ra i muri i te whiwhinga o te utu putea. Ka whai hua nga wa arahi ina
(1) kua riro mai i a matou to putea, a (2) kei a matou to whakaaetanga whakamutunga mo o hua. Mena karekau o maatau wa e mahi ana me to wa mutunga, tena koa tirohia o hiahia me to hokonga. I nga keehi katoa ka ngana matou ki te whakatutuki i o hiahia. I te nuinga o nga wa ka taea e taatau.
5. He aha nga momo tikanga utu ka whakaaetia e koe?
30% i mua i te T/T, 70% i mua i te shippment taketake i runga i FOB; 30% i mua i te T/T, 70% ki te kape o BL taketake i runga i te CIF.