Paipa Rino Porowhita Pirau, Kounga Teitei, Utu Whakaritenga, Toia Wera
ngā paipa maitai piauau kua toua ki te wera
Te matotoru o te paparanga konutea: Ko te tikanga he 15-120μm (he rite ki te 100-850g/m²). He pai mō ngā taiao o waho, haumākū, waikura rānei pērā i ngā tūāpapa hanga whare, ngā ārai ā-tāone, ngā paipa wai ahi, me ngā pūnaha whakamakuku ahuwhenua.
ngā paipa maitai hiko-piupiu
Te matotoru o te paparanga konutea: Ko te tikanga he 5-15μm (he rite ki te 30-100g/m²). He pai mō ngā āhuatanga o roto, he iti te waikura pērā i ngā anga tāonga, ngā tautoko hanganga māmā, me ngā anga taura me ngā whakaurunga tiaki.
Ngā tawhā
| Ingoa Hua | Paipa Rino Porowhita Pirau | |||
| Paninga Konutea | 30g-550g, G30, G60, G90 | |||
| Matotoru o te Pakitara | 1-5MM | |||
| Mata | Kua whakapūmautia i mua, Kua tōia wera, Kua whakapūmautia hiko, Mangu, Peita, Miro, Whakairo, Pūwero. | |||
| Tau | Q235, Q345, S235JR, S275JR, STK400, STK500, S355JR, GR.BD | |||
| Wā Tukunga | 15-30 ngā rā (e ai ki te taumaha tuturu) | |||
| Whakamahinga | Te hangarau ā-iwi, te hoahoanga, ngā pourewa maitai, te wāhi hanga kaipuke, ngā tūāpapa, ngā pou, ngā pou hei pehi i te horo whenua me ētahi atu | |||
| ngā hanganga | ||||
| Roa | Paerewa 6m me te 12m, kia rite rānei ki te hiahia o te kiritaki | |||
| Te tukatuka | Whatu ma (ka taea te miro, te wero, te whakaiti, te totoro...) | |||
| Mōkihi | I roto i ngā paihere me te rīpene maitai, i roto rānei i ngā takai papanga kore-whatu, i runga rānei i te tono a ngā kiritaki | |||
| Wā Utu | T/T | |||
| Wā Hokohoko | FOB,CFR,CIF,DDP,EXW | |||
Tau
| GB | Q195/Q215/Q235/Q345 |
| ASTM | ASTM A53/ASTM A500/ASTM A106 |
| EN | S235JR/S355JR/EN 10210-1/EN 39/EN 1123-1:1999 |
Ngā Āhuatanga
1. Te tiaki takirua o te paparanga konutea:
Ka hangaia he paparanga rino-konutea matotoru (he kaha te here) me te paparanga konutea parakore ki runga i te mata, e wehe ana i te hau me te makuku, e whakaroa ana i te waikura o ngā paipa maitai.
2. Te tiakitanga o te anode patunga tapu:
Ahakoa kua pakaru tetahi wāhanga o te paninga, ka waikura tuatahi te konutea (tiaki hikohiko matū), ka tiaki i te papa maitai mai i te waikura.
3. Te roa o te ora:
I roto i te taiao noa, ka taea e te roanga o te ratonga te eke ki te 20-30 tau, he roa ake i ngā paipa maitai noa (pērā i te roanga o te ora o ngā paipa peita he tata ki te 3-5 tau)
Whakapā mai ki a mātou mō ētahi atu kōrero mō ngā paipa maitai piauau.
Tote werapaipa piauauHe whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā mea nei i roto i ngā hanganga whare (pērā i ngā whare wheketere, ngā tūāpapa), te hangarau ā-tāone (ngā ārai, ngā pou rama tiriti, ngā paipa waikeri), te pūngao me te hiko (ngā pourewa tuku, ngā whāriki photovoltaic), ngā whare ahuwhenua (ngā angaanga whare kati kōtuhi, ngā pūnaha whakamakuku), te hanga ahumahi (ngā whata, ngā paipa hauhautanga) me ētahi atu mara nā te mea he tino ātete ki te waikura, he kaha teitei, he roa hoki te ora. Ka whakaratohia he tiaki kore tiaki, he iti te utu, he pono hoki i roto i ngā taiao o waho, makuku, waikura rānei, ā, he roa te ora ratonga tae atu ki te 20-30 tau. Koinei te otinga ārai-waikura pai rawa atu hei whakakapi i ngā paipa maitai noa.
Ko te tukanga whakaputa mō ngā paipa porowhita kua whakarewahia he mea whai i ēnei mahi:
1. Te maimoatanga o mua o ngā rauemi mataKōwhiria ngā koiri maitai waro-iti, tapatapahia kia rite te whānui, whakapūkarahia kia tangohia te unahi, horoia ki te wai ma, whakamarokehia kia kore ai e waikura.
2. Te Hanga me te WhakarewaKa whāngaihia ngā rīpene maitai ki roto i te mīhini perehi roera, ā, ka hurihia mārire kia rite ki ngā porowhita ngongo porowhita. Ka whakarewahia ngā hononga porowhita ngongo e te mīhini whakarewa auau-teitei, ka kōpeketia, ka whakakīkītia, ka hanga he porowhita kiri pango. I muri i te whakamatao wai, ka whakatikatikahia ngā rahi o ngā ngongo, kātahi ka tapahia kia rite ki te roa e hiahiatia ana.
3. Te Whakarewa Mata(Ka taea te wehewehe i te whakapūmau ki te whakapūmau wera-tuku (whakapūmau wera-tuku) me te whakapūmau makariri-tuku (whakapūmau hiko), ko te whakapūmau wera-tuku te tikanga matua i roto i te ahumahi (he pai ake te ārai waikura)): Ka tukuna ngā paipa whakarewa ki te whakapūmau tuarua hei tango i ngā poke, ka tōia ki roto i te rerenga whakapūmau, kātahi ka tōia ki roto i te konutea rewa i te 440-460°C hei hanga i te paninga konutea. Ka tangohia te konutea taikaha ki te maripi hau, kātahi ka whakamatao. (Ko te whakapūmau makariri-tuku he paparanga konutea kua whakanohoia ki te hiko, ā, he iti ake te whakamahinga.)
4. Tirotiro me te TākaiTirohia te paparanga me te rahi o te konutea, inehia te ātete ki te piri me te ātete ki te waikura, whakarōpūhia, ā, paiherea ngā hua whai tohu, kātahi ka rongoatia me ngā tapanga.
Ko te tukanga whakaputa mō ngā paipa porowhita tuitui piauau e whai ake nei:
1. Te Maimoatanga o ngā Rauemi MataKa tīpakohia ngā pereki maitai kore-tuitui (ko te nuinga he maitai waro-iti), ka tapahia kia rite te roa, kātahi ka tangohia te unahi waikura me ngā poke o te mata. Kātahi ka whakamahanahia ngā pereki ki te pāmahana e tika ana hei wero.
2. Te weroKa hurihia ngā pereki wera ki roto i ngā ngongo tuwhera mā roto i tētahi mira wero. Kātahi ka tukuna ngā ngongo mā roto i tētahi mira hurihuri ngongo hei whakatika i te matotoru o te pakitara me te porowhita. Kātahi ka whakatikahia te whānui o waho e tētahi mira ine hei hanga i ngā ngongo pango tuturu. Kia whakamatao, ka tapahia ngā ngongo kia rite ki te roa.
3. Te whakapūmauKa tukuna ngā ngongo pango kore hononga ki tētahi maimoatanga whakapūkara tuarua hei tango i te paparanga waikura. Kātahi ka horoia ki te wai, ka tōia ki roto i tētahi mea whakapūkara. Kātahi ka tōia ki roto i te konutea rewa 440-460°C hei hanga i tētahi paninga konutea-rino. Ka tangohia te konutea taikaha ki tētahi maripi hau, ā, ka whakamataohia ngā ngongo. (Ko te whakapūkara matao he tukanga whakanoho hiko, ā, he iti ake te whakamahinga.)
4. Tirotiro me te TākaiKa tirohia te ōritetanga me te piri o te paninga konutea, tae atu ki ngā rahi o ngā paipa. Kātahi ka whakarōpūtia ngā paipa kua whakaaetia, ka paiherea, ka tapaina, ka rongoatia kia tino tutuki ai i a rātou ngā paerewa ārai waikura me te mahi miihini.
Ko ngā tikanga kawe hua ko te kawe rori, te tereina, te moana, te kawe waka maha-ara rānei, i runga i ngā hiahia o te kiritaki.
He ngāwari te kawe waka rori, mā te whakamahi i ngā taraka (hei tauira, ngā papa papatahi), mō ngā tawhiti poto ki waenga, e taea ai te tuku tika ki ngā wāhi/whare putunga me te ngāwari o te uta/tango utanga, he mea pai mō ngā ota iti, ngā ota tere rānei engari he utu nui mō ngā tawhiti roa.
Ko te kawe tereina e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tereina utanga (hei tauira, ngā waka kua taupokina/tuwhera me ngā whitiki ātete ua), he mea e tika ana mō ngā uta tawhiti, nui te rahinga, he iti te utu, he nui hoki te pono, engari me whakawhiti i ngā uta tawhiti poto.
He tino iti ngā utu mō te kawe waka wai (ki uta/moana) mā runga kaipuke utanga (hei tauira, ngā kaipuke nui/ipu), e tau ana mō te kawe waka tawhiti, nui hoki i te takutai/awa, engari he iti noa iho i te tauranga/ara, ā, he puhoi hoki.
Ka whakatauritehia te utu me te wā tika e te kawe waka maha-ara (hei tauira, te rerewē+rori, te moana+rori), he mea e tika ana mō ngā ota nui-uara puta noa i te rohe, tawhiti, mai i te tatau ki te tatau.
1. He aha ā koutou utu?
Ka rerekē pea ā mātou utu i runga i te tuku me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te mākete. Ka tukuna atu e mātou he rārangi utu hou i muri i te whakapā atu a tō kamupene.
mātou mō ētahi atu kōrero.
2. He iti rawa te rahinga ota kei a koe?
Ae, me whakarite kia iti rawa te rahinga ota mō ngā ota o tāwāhi katoa. Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te hoko anō engari he iti ake te rahinga, ka tūtohu mātou kia tirohia e koe tā mātou paetukutuku.
3. Ka taea e koe te whakarato i ngā tuhinga e tika ana?
Āe, ka taea e mātou te whakarato i te nuinga o ngā tuhinga tae atu ki ngā Tiwhikete Tātari/Whakaaetanga; Inihuarangi; Takenga Mai, me ētahi atu tuhinga kaweake ina hiahiatia.
4. He aha te roanga o te wā arahi?
Mō ngā tauira, e whitu ngā rā te roa o te wā arahi. Mō te whakaputanga papatipu, e rima ki te rua tekau ngā rā i muri i te whiwhinga o te utu tāpui. Ka whai mana ngā wā arahi ina
(1) kua tae mai tāu moni tāpui, ā, (2) kua tae mai tāu whakaaetanga whakamutunga mō āu hua. Mēnā kāore ā mātou wā tuku e tutuki i tō rā kati, tirohia ō hiahia me tō hoko. I ngā wā katoa ka ngana mātou ki te whakatutuki i ō hiahia. I te nuinga o te wā ka taea e mātou te mahi pēnā.
5. He aha ngā momo tikanga utu e whakaaetia ana e koe?
30% i mua i te T/T, 70% ka utua i mua i te tuku taketake i runga i te FOB; 30% i mua i te T/T, 70% ki te kape o te BL taketake i runga i te CIF.
