I te hanganga o ngā hanganga ā-ao me te hangahanga, ko te tono o tepepa maitai wera-hurihiai roto i te hangarau hou kei te horapa haere.Rau maitai hurihuri weraHe hua matua i roto i te umanga maitai. Nā ōna āhuatanga miihini pai rawa atu, tōna kaha tukatuka me tōna whai huatanga ōhanga, kua noho hei rauemi matua i roto i te hanga, te hanga piriti, te hanga kaipuke, te hanga mīhini me te maha atu o ngā mara.
Ko te pepa maitai hurihuri wera he hua pereti i hangaia mā te pēhi i ngā pire maitai i ngā pāmahana teitei mā roto i tētahi raupapa o ngā tukanga pēnei i te whakamahana me te whakamatao tere, he teitei ake i te pāmahana whakaata anō o te maitai. E whakarei ake ana tēnei i te ngāwari me te pakari o te maitai, tae atu ki te tika o ngā āhuatanga me te ōritetanga o te mata. Te matotoru, te whānui me te roa o te pepa maitai hurihuri wera mō ngā tono hangarau He whānuitanga o te matotoru, te whānui me te roa o te pepa maitai hurihuri wera hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaupapa rerekē mō te kaha hanganga me te ātete ki te kakahu.
Mō te kōwhiringa rauemi, he rerekē ngā painga mahi a ngā momo pereti maitai hurihuri wera:
Pereti Rino Wera-hurihia ASTM A36Ko tētahi tēnei o ngā pereti maitai waro e whakamahia whānuitia ana, he pai te kaha ki te whakarewa me te miihini, he pai mō ngā hanganga hanga, ngā piriti, me ngā wāhanga miihini. Ko tōna kaha tuku me tōna kaha kume e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga kawenga o ngā kaupapa hangarau whānui.
ASTMPereti Rino A53E whakamahia nuitia ana i roto i ngā kohua, ngā oko pēhanga, me ngā pūnaha paipa, he nui te ātete ki te pēhanga me te pakari, ā, he mea tino pai mō ngā paipa ahumahi me ngā kaupapa hangarau pēhanga teitei.
Pereti Rino Wera-hurihia ASTM A992He rino koranu iti-kaha, he mea hanga motuhake mō ngā hanganga whare, he tino pai te piko me te ngāwari ki te whakarewa, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whare hanganga rino me ngā kaupapa whare teitei.
Pereti Rino ASTM A106E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā paipa pāmahana teitei, pēhanga teitei, me ngā pūnaha tuku hinu me te hau, he ātete ki te wera, he ātete ki te waikura, ā, ka taea te tu atu i te whakamahinga roa i raro i ngā āhuatanga mahi uaua.
Hei kaiwhakarato matua i roto i te umanga,Rōpū Rino o te KuiniE whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu whakaputa matatau me te pūnaha whakahaere kounga pakari hei whakarato i te whānuitanga o ngā pepa maitai wera-hurihia kounga teitei ki ngā kiritaki i roto i ngā whakaritenga rerekē. Hei tāpiri, e tautoko ana te kamupene i te whakaputanga ritenga, e tuku ana i ngā otinga whaiaro i runga i ngā hiahia o te kaupapa a te kiritaki kia tutuki ai i ia puranga pepa maitai ngā paerewa hangarau me ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga.
Ahakoa ngā panonitanga tonu o te mākete me ngā whakahoutanga hangarau, ka mau tonu te tūranga matua o ngā pepa maitai hurihuri wera i roto i ngā rāngai hanga me ngā rāngai ahumahi. Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau maitai hou me ngā whakapainga i roto i ngā tukanga whakaputa, ka piki haere tonu te mahi me te whaihua o ngā pepa maitai hurihuri wera, ka whakarato i tētahi taurangi pakari mō te hanganga hanganga o te ao me te hanga ahumahi.
RŌPŪ KĪNGI
Wāhitau
Te rohe ahumahi whanaketanga o Kangsheng,
rohe Wuqing, Tianjin pa, Haina.
Ī-mēra
Ngā Hāora
Mane-Rātapu: Ratonga 24-hāora
Wā tuku: Hanuere-04-2026
