Ko ngā paipa rino whānui-rahi (e pā ana ki ngā paipa rino he whānui o waho ≥114mm, ā, ≥200mm te rahi i ētahi wā, i runga i ngā paerewa ahumahi) e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā wāhi matua e pā ana ki te "kawe pāpāho nui," "tautoko hanganga taumaha," me "ngā āhuatanga pēhanga teitei" nā te mea he kaha te kawe pēhanga, he kaha te rere, me te ātete kaha ki te pānga.
Ko te pūngao te wāhi matua e whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa rino whānui. Ko ngā whakaritenga matua ko te pēhanga teitei, ngā tawhiti roa, me te ātete ki te waikura. Ka whakamahia ēnei paipa hei kawe i ngā mea matua pērā i te hinu, te hau māori, te waro, me te hiko.
1. Te Kawe Hinu me te Hau: Ko te "aorta" o ngā paipa tawhiti
Ngā Whakamahinga: Ngā paipa matua hinu me te hau ā-rohe (pērā i te Paipa Hau o te Uru-Rawhiti me te Paipa Hau Taiao o Haina-Rūhia ki te Rawhiti), ngā paipa kohikohi me te kawe i roto i ngā mara hinu, me ngā paipa hinu/hau mō ngā tūāpapa hinu me te hau o waho.
Ngā Momo Paipa Rino: Ko te nuinga he paipa whakarewa pewa ruku porowhita (LSAW) me te paipa whakarewa pewa ruku hononga tika (SSAW), me te paipa rino tui kore (pērā i ngā māka API 5L X80/X90) e whakamahia ana i roto i ētahi wāhanga pēhanga teitei.
Ngā Whakaritenga Matua: Kia tū atu ki ngā pēhanga teitei o te 10-15 MPa (ngā raina pūtake hau māori), kia ātete ki te waikura oneone (ngā paipa o uta), kia ātete hoki ki te waikura wai moana (ngā paipa o uta). Ka taea e ngā roa paipa kotahi te tae ki te 12-18 mita hei whakaiti i ngā hononga whakarewa me te whakaiti i ngā tūponotanga turuturu. Ngā tauira noa: te Paipa Hau Māori Raina Rawhiti o Haina-Rūhia (te paipa tawhiti nui rawa atu i Haina, me ētahi wāhanga e whakamahi ana i ngā paipa maitai 1422mm te whānui), me te paipa hinu whakawhiti-rohe o Saudi Arabia-UAE (ngā paipa maitai 1200mm me te nui ake).
2. Ahumahi Hiko: Te "ara hiko" o ngā tipu hiko wera/karihi
I roto i te rāngai hiko wera, ka whakamahia ēnei paipa i roto i ngā "paipa matua e whā" (ngā paipa mamaoa matua, ngā paipa mamaoa whakamahana anō, ngā paipa wai whāngai matua, me ngā paipa waikeri whakamahana pēhanga teitei) hei kawe i te mamaoa pēhanga teitei, pāmahana teitei (ngā pāmahana 300-600°C me ngā pēhanga 10-30 MPa).
I roto i te rāngai hiko karihi, me kaha te ātete i te hihi me te ngoki o ngā paipa rino kounga-haumaru mō ngā moutere karihi (pērā i ngā paipa whakamatao tauhohenga). He mea noa te whakamahi i ngā paipa kore-iraira austenitic (pērā i te ASME SA312 TP316LN). Tautoko Pūngao Hou: "Ngā Paipa Raina Kohikohi" (e tiaki ana i ngā taura ngaohiko-tiketike) i ngā turanga hiko photovoltaic/hau, me ngā paipa tuku hauwai tawhiti (ko ētahi kaupapa whakamātautau e whakamahi ana i ngā paipa rino ātete-waikura 300-800mm Φ).
Ko ngā hiahia o te rāngai tāone e arotahi ana ki te "rerenga nui, te iti o te tiaki, me te urutau ki ngā taiao o raro whenua/mata o te tāone." Ko te whāinga matua ko te whakarite i te tuku wai me te rerenga wai mō ngā kainoho me te mahi a ngā pūnaha tāone.
1. Te Hangarau Tuku Wai me te Waikeri: Ngā Paipa Pūtake Tuku Wai/Waikeri o te Tāone
Ngā Mahi Tuku Wai: Ko ngā "paipa wai mata" mai i ngā puna wai o te tāone (ngā puna wai, ngā awa) ki ngā tipu wai, me ngā "paipa tuku wai matua o te tāone" mai i ngā tipu wai ki ngā tāone nui, me kawe te wai puna tere (hei tauira, ngā paipa maitai 600-2000mm Φ).
Ngā Whakamahinga Waikeri: Ngā "paipa pūtake wai ua" o te tāone (mō te waikeri tere o te waipuke i puta mai i te ua nui) me ngā "paipa pūtake paru" (mō te kawe i ngā waikeri o te whare/umanga ki ngā whare tukatuka paru). Ko ētahi e whakamahi ana i ngā paipa rino ātete-waikura (hei tauira, ngā paipa rino kua pania ki te kirihou me ngā paipa rino kua whakakikoruatia ki te moata sima).
Ngā Painga: Ki te whakaritea ki ngā paipa raima, he mama ngā paipa rino, he ātete ki te totohu (ka urutau ki ngā āhuatanga matatini o raro whenua o te tāone), ā, he pai rawa atu te hiri hononga (ka ārai i te turuturu para me te poke o te oneone).
2. Ngā Pokapū Tiaki Wai: Te Whakawhiti Wai i waenga i ngā awaawa me te Whakahaere Waipuke
Ngā Whakamahinga: Ngā kaupapa whakawhiti wai i waenga i ngā awaawa (pēnei i te "Yellow River Tunnel Paipē" o te ara waenga o te Kaupapa Whakawhiti Wai mai i te Tonga ki te Raki), ngā paipa whakawhiti me ngā paipa tuku waipuke mō ngā puna wai/teihana hiko wai, me ngā paipa awaawa whakawhiti mō te whakahaere waipuke me te rerenga wai o te tāone.
Ngā Whakaritenga Noa: Kia tū atu ki te ru o te rere o te wai (te tere rere o te 2-5 m/s), kia tū atu ki te pēhanga wai (me tū atu ētahi paipa wai hohonu ki te pēhanga upoko neke atu i te 10 m), me te whānui neke atu i te 3000 mm (hei tauira, te paipa whakawhiti maitai 3200 mm i te teihana hiko wai).
He maha ngā tono a te rāngai ahumahi, ko te arotahi matua ki te "urutau ki ngā āhuatanga taumaha me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga kawe o ngā pāpāho motuhake," tae atu ki ngā ahumahi pēnei i te whakarewa, ngā matū, me ngā mīhini.
1. Te Ahumahi Whakarewa/Rino: Te Kawe Rauemi Pāmahana-Tiketike
Ngā Whakamahinga: Ngā "paipa hau oumu pupuhi" a ngā mira maitai (te kawe i te hau pāmahana teitei, 200-400°C), ngā "paipa wai whakamatao hanga maitai me te whakarewa tonu" (te whakamatao rere-teitei o ngā pire maitai), me ngā "paipa paru" (te kawe i te paru rino).
Ngā whakaritenga mō ngā paipa rino: Te ātete ki te waikura pāmahana teitei (mō ngā paipa hau) me te ātete ki te pakaru (mō ngā paru kei roto ngā matūriki totoka, me whakamahi ngā paipa rino koranu ātete-ka pakaru). Ko te whānui o te nuinga kei waenga i te 200 ki te 1000 mm.
2. Ahumahi Matū/Petrochemical: Te Kawe Pāpāho Waikura
Ngā Whakamahinga: Ngā paipa rauemi mata i roto i ngā tipu matū (pēnei i ngā otinga waikawa me te kawakore, ngā whakarewa waro), ngā paipa wāhanga pakaru catalytic i roto i ngā tipu petrochemical (hinu me te hau pāmahana teitei, pēhanga teitei), me ngā paipa tuku tāke (ngā paipa tukunga nui te diameter mō ngā tāke rokiroki nui).
Ngā Momo Paipa Rino: Ko ngā paipa rino koranu ātete-waikura (pērā i te rino kowiri tira 316L) me ngā paipa rino he kirihou, he rapa rānei (mō ngā mea tino waikura) te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana. Ko ētahi paipa pēhanga teitei e whakamahi ana i ngā paipa rino tuimotu 150-500mm.
3. Ngā Mīhini Taumaha: Tautoko Hanganga me ngā Pūnaha Waipēhi
Ngā Whakamahinga: Ngā oko rango waipēhi i roto i ngā mīhini hanga (ngā keri me ngā kereini) (ko ētahi taputapu taumaha-rahi e whakamahi ana i ngā paipa maitai kore hononga 100-300mm), ngā paipa maitai tautoko moenga i roto i ngā taputapu mīhini nui, me ngā paipa tiaki arawhata/taura ā-roto (150-300mm) i roto i ngā pourewa tāpoi hau moana.
I roto i ngā kaupapa hanganga nui pērā i ngā piriti, ngā kauhanga, me ngā taunga rererangi, ehara i te mea he "paipa tuku" anake ngā paipa rino whānui engari he "wāhanga hanganga" hoki e pikau ana i ngā kawenga, e whakarato ana rānei i te tiaki.
1. Te Hangarau Piriti: Ngā Piriti/Ngā Pou o te Pourewa Whakakīia ki te Konukuraiti, te Āwhata o te Ngongo Rino
Ngā Whakamahinga: "Ngā rara matua o te kōhao" o ngā piriti kōhao roa (pērā i te Piriti o te Awa Yangtze o Chongqing Chaotianmen, e whakamahi ana i ngā rara kōhao ngongo maitai whakakīia ki te raima 1200-1600mm Φ kua whakakīia ki te raima, e whakakotahi ana i te kaha kume o ngā ngongo maitai me te kaha pēhi o te raima), me ngā "pūmau tiaki" o ngā pou piriti (e tiaki ana i ngā pou mai i te horo o te wai).
Ngā Painga: Ki te whakatauritea ki te raima whakapakari tuku iho, he mama ngā hanganga ngongo maitai kua whakakīia ki te raima, he ngāwari ki te hanga (ka taea te hanga i mua i roto i ngā wheketere me te huihui i te papaanga), ā, he roa ake ngā awhi (tae atu ki te 500 mita, neke atu rānei).
2. Ngā Kauhanga me te Rerewē: Te Whakahauora me te Tiaki Taura
Ngā Whakamahinga o te Kauhanga: "Ngā Paipa Whakahauora" (mō te hau hou, te whānui 800-1500mm) i roto i ngā kauhanga huarahi/terewe, me ngā "Paipa Whakarato Wai Ahi" (mō te whakarato wai rere nui mēnā ka puta he ahi i te kauhanga).
Te Waka Rerewē: "Ngā Paipa Tiaki Taura o raro whenua" (hei tiaki i ngā taura ngaohiko teitei, ko ētahi he mea hanga ki te paipa maitai kua pania ki te kirihou 200-400mm) i roto i ngā pūnaha tereina raro whenua/tereina tere, me ngā "Pouaka Pou Catenary" (ngā pou maitai e tautoko ana i te whatunga hiko).
3. Ngā Taunga Rererangi/Tauranga: Ngā Paipa Mahi Motuhake
Ngā taunga rererangi: "Ngā Paipa Whakaheke Wai Ua" (te whānui nui 600-1200mm) mō ngā ara rere hei ārai i te kohikohinga wai me ngā pānga i te rerenga me te taunga, me ngā "Paipa Matua Wai Matao Āhuarangi" (mō te rere wai matao tere tere hei whakahaere i te pāmahana) i roto i ngā whare taunga rererangi.
Ngā Tauranga: "Ngā Paipa Whakawhiti Hinu" (e hono ana i ngā waka tāke me ngā tāke rokiroki, e kawe ana i te hinu mata/hua hinu kua parakore, te whānui 300-800mm) i ngā taunga tauranga, me ngā "Paipa Utauta Papatipu" (mō te kawe i ngā utanga papatipu pērā i te waro me te konganuku).
Ahumahi Hōia: Ngā "paipa whakamatao wai moana" o ngā kaipuke whawhai (ātete ki te waikura o te wai moana), ngā "raina waipēhi" o ngā tāke (ngā paipa kore-pēhanga teitei te whānui), me ngā "paipa rino tautoko" o te kaiwhakarewa pere.
Te Tūhuratanga Ā-Ao: Ngā "anga" puna wai hohonu (hei tiaki i te pakitara puna me te ārai i te hinganga, ko ētahi e whakamahi ana i ngā paipa maitai kore hononga Φ300-500mm), ngā "paipa puna whakapae" tango hau kirikiri (mō te tuku wai pakaru pēhanga teitei).
Whakamakuku Ahuwhenua: Ngā "paipa whakamakuku pūtake" tiaki wai whenua ahuwhenua nui (pērā i ngā paipa pūtake whakamakuku maturuturu/tauhiuhi i te rohe maroke o te raki mā uru, me te diameter o te Φ200-600mm).
RŌPŪ KĪNGI
Wāhitau
Te rohe ahumahi whanaketanga o Kangsheng,
Takiwa o Wuqing, taone nui o Tianjin, Haina.
Ī-mēra
Ngā Hāora
Mane-Rātapu: Ratonga 24-hāora
Wā tuku: Hepetema-19-2025