Ngā hanganga maitaie whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te umanga hanga nā ō rātou painga, pērā i te kaha teitei, te hanga tere, me te ātete ru pai rawa atu. He pai ngā momo hanganga rino mō ngā āhuatanga hanga rerekē, ā, he rerekē hoki te rahi o ō rātou rauemi turanga. He mea nui te whiriwhiri i te hanganga rino tika mō te kounga me te mahi o te hanga. Kei raro nei ngā whakaahuatanga mō ngā momo hanganga rino noa, ngā rahi rauemi turanga, me ngā wāhi whiriwhiri matua.
Ngā Anga Rino o te Kūaha
Ngā anga maitai o te tomokangahe hanganga rino papatahi he mea hanga ki ngā pou me ngā kurupae rino. He māmā noa te hoahoa whānui, he pai te tohatoha kawenga, he pai te mahi ōhanga me te mahi whai hua. Mā tēnei hanganga ka taea te whakawhiti kawenga mārama, e kaha ana ki te kawe i ngā kawenga poutū me ngā kawenga whakapae. He ngāwari hoki te hanga me te tāuta, he poto te wā hanga.
Mō te whakamahinga, he pai ngā anga rino tatau mō ngā whare iti-teitei, pērā i ngā wheketere iti-teitei, ngā whare putunga, me ngā awheawhe. Ko te tikanga, me whai whānui ēnei whare engari kāore e hiahiatia he teitei teitei. Ka tutuki pai ngā whakaritenga i ngā anga rino tatau, ka nui te wāhi mō te hanga me te rokiroki.
Anga Rino
A anga maitaihe hanganga anga rino ā-wāhi he mea hanga mai i ngā pou me ngā kurupae rino. He rerekē ki te hanganga papatahi o te anga tatau, ka hangaia e te anga rino he pūnaha ā-wāhi toru-ahu, e tuku ana i te pumau whānui me te ātete taha. Ka taea te hanga hei hanganga maha-papa, hei hanganga teitei rānei e ai ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa, me te urutau ki ngā whakaritenga whānui me te teitei rerekē.
Nā te pai o te hanganga, he pai ngā anga rino mō ngā whare he whānui ngā whāriki, he teitei rānei, pērā i ngā whare tari, ngā toa hokohoko, ngā hōtēra, me ngā pokapū hui. I roto i ēnei whare, ehara i te mea ka tutuki noa i ngā anga rino ngā whakaritenga o ngā tahora ā-wāhi nui, engari ka āwhina hoki i te tāutanga o ngā taputapu me te ara o ngā paipa i roto i te whare.
Rākau Rino
Ko te anga rino he hanganga ā-wāhi e titoa ana e ētahi wāhanga takitahi (pērā i te rino koki, te rino awa, me ngā kurupae-I) kua whakaritea ki tētahi tauira motuhake (hei tauira, tapatoru, tapawhā rite, tapawhā rite rānei). Ko ōna mema te nuinga o te wā e mau ana i te kumekume tuaka, te pēhanga rānei, e whakarato ana i te tohatoha kawenga taurite, e whakamahi katoa ana i te kaha o te rauemi, e penapena ana hoki i te rino.
He kaha te kaha o ngā taura rino ki te whāwhā, ā, he pai mō ngā whare e hiahia ana ki ngā whāwhā nui, pērā i ngā papa tākaro, ngā whare whakaaturanga, me ngā taunga rererangi. I roto i ngā papa tākaro, ka taea e ngā taura rino te hanga i ngā hanganga tuanui whāwhā nui, e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga wāhi o ngā whare whakaaturanga me ngā wāhi whakataetae. I roto i ngā whare whakaaturanga me ngā taunga rererangi, ka whakaratohia e ngā taura rino he tautoko hanganga pono mō ngā wāhi whakaaturanga whānui me ngā ara hikoi mō te hunga hīkoi.
Matapihi Rino
He hanganga ā-wāhi te whatunga maitai, he mea hanga mai i ngā mema maha e honoa ana e ngā pūnga i roto i tētahi tauira whatunga motuhake (pērā i ngā tapatoru auau, ngā tapawhā, me ngā hexagon auau). He painga ōna pērā i te iti o ngā kaha ā-wāhi, te ātete ru tino pai, te pakari teitei, me te pumau kaha. Mā tōna momo mema kotahi ka taea te hanga wheketere me te tāutanga ki te papaanga.
He pai ngā whata rino mō ngā hanganga tuanui, pakitara rānei, pērā i ngā rūma tatari, ngā tuanui, me ngā tuanui wheketere nui. I roto i ngā rūma tatari, ka taea e ngā tuanui whata rino te kapi i ngā wāhi whānui, ka whakarato i te taiao tatari whakamarie mō ngā pāhihi. I roto i ngā tuanui, he māmā, he ātaahua hoki ngā hanganga whata rino, ā, he pai hoki te tu atu ki ngā kawenga taiao pērā i te hau me te ua.
- Ngā Anga Rino o te Kūaha
Ko ngā pou me ngā kurupae rino o ngā anga tatau he mea hanga ki te rino āhua-H. Ko te rahi o ēnei pou rino ka whakatauhia e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te whānui o te whare, te teitei, me te kawenga. I te nuinga o te wā, mō ngā wheketere iti-teitei, ngā whare putunga rānei he whānui 12-24 mita me te teitei 4-6 mita, ko ngā pou rino āhua-H kei waenganui i te H300×150×6.5×9 ki te H500×200×7×11; ko ngā kurupae kei waenganui i te H350×175×7×11 ki te H600×200×8×12. I ētahi wā he iti ake ngā kawenga, ka taea te whakamahi i te rino āhua-I, te rino awa rānei hei wāhanga āwhina. Ko te rino āhua-I te nuinga o te wā ka rahi mai i te I14 ki te I28, ko te rino awa ia ka rahi mai i te [12 ki te [20].
- Ngā Anga Rino
Ko ngā anga maitai e whakamahi ana i te maitai wāhanga-H mō ā rātou pou me ngā kurupae. Nā te mea me tu atu rātou ki ngā kawenga poutū me ngā kawenga whakapae nui ake, ā, nā te mea me nui ake te teitei me te whānui o te whare, he nui ake ngā rahi o te rauemi turanga i ērā o ngā anga tatau. Mō ngā whare tari maha-papa, ngā toa hokohoko rānei (3-6 papa, 8-15m te whānui), ko ngā rahi o te maitai wāhanga-H e whakamahia ana mō ngā pou kei waenganui i te H400×200×8×13 ki te H800×300×10×16; ko ngā rahi o te maitai wāhanga-H e whakamahia ana mō ngā kurupae kei waenganui i te H450×200×9×14 ki te H700×300×10×16. I roto i ngā whare anga maitai teitei (neke atu i te 6 papa), ka taea e ngā pou te whakamahi i te maitai wāhanga-H kua whakarewaina, te maitai wāhanga-pouaka rānei. Ko ngā rahi o te maitai wāhanga-pouaka kei waenganui i te 400×400×12×12 ki te 800×800×20×20 hei whakapai ake i te ātete taha me te pumau whānui o te hanganga.
- Ngā pou rino
Ko ngā rauemi turanga noa mō ngā mema o te anga maitai ko te maitai koki, te maitai awa, ngā kurupae-I, me ngā paipa maitai. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te maitai koki i roto i ngā anga maitai nā te mea he rerekē ngā āhua whakawhiti-wāhanga me te ngāwari o te hono. Ko ngā rahi noa mai i te ∠50×5 ki te ∠125×10. Mō ngā mema e pāngia ana e ngā kawenga teitei, ka whakamahia te maitai awa, ngā kurupae-I rānei. Ko ngā rahi o te maitai awa kei waenganui i te [14 ki te [30, ā, ko ngā rahi o te kurupae-I kei waenganui i te I16 ki te I40.) I roto i ngā anga maitai whānui-roa (neke atu i te 30m te whānui), ka whakamahia ngā paipa maitai hei mema hei whakaiti i te taumaha mate hanganga me te whakapai ake i te mahi ru. Ko te whānui o ngā paipa maitai kei waenganui i te Φ89×4 ki te Φ219×8, ā, ko te rauemi he Q345B, he Q235B rānei.
- Matapihi Rino
Ko ngā wāhanga whatunga maitai he mea hanga ki ngā paipa maitai, he mea hanga noa ki te Q235B me te Q345B. Ko te rahi o te paipa ka whakatauhia e te whānuitanga o te whatunga, te rahi o te whatunga, me ngā āhuatanga kawenga. Mō ngā hanganga whatunga he whānuitanga 15-30m (pērā i ngā whare tatari me ngā tuanui iti me te rahi waenga), ko te diameter o te paipa maitai noa ko Φ48×3.5 ki te Φ114×4.5. Mō ngā whānuitanga neke atu i te 30m (pērā i ngā tuanui papa tākaro nui me ngā tuanui taunga rererangi), ka piki ake te diameter o te paipa maitai, ko te tikanga ki te Φ114×4.5 ki te Φ168×6. Ko ngā hononga whatunga he hononga pōro kua whakapurua, kua whakarewaina rānei. Ko te diameter o te hononga pōro kua whakapurua ka whakatauhia e te maha o ngā wāhanga me te kaha kawenga, mai i te Φ100 ki te Φ300.
Whakamāramahia ngā Whakaritenga Hanga me ngā Horopaki Whakamahinga
I mua i te hoko i tētahi hanganga rino, me whakamārama tuatahi koe i te kaupapa o te whare, te whānuitanga, te teitei, te maha o ngā papa, me ngā āhuatanga taiao (pēnei i te kaha o te rū whenua, te pēhanga hau, me te kawenga hukarere). Me rerekē te mahi a ngā hanganga rino mō ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga rerekē. Hei tauira, i ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te rū whenua, me pai ake te whakamahi i ngā hanganga anga rino, ngā hanganga anga rino rānei he ātete rū whenua pai. Mō ngā papa tākaro whānui, he pai ake ngā anga rino, ngā anga rino rānei. Hei tāpiri, me whakatau te kaha kawe kawenga o te hanganga rino i runga i ngā āhuatanga kawenga o te whare (pēnei i ngā kawenga mate me ngā kawenga ora) kia tino tutuki ai te hanganga rino kua tīpakohia i ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga o te whare.
Te Arotake i te Kounga me te Mahi a te Rino
Ko te rino te rauemi matua o ngā hanganga rino, ā, ko tōna kounga me tana mahi ka pā tika ki te haumaru me te pakari o te hanganga rino. I te hoko rino, whiriwhiria ngā hua i hangaia e ngā kaihanga rongonui kua whai tiwhikete kounga. Kia aro nui ki te kounga o te rauemi o te rino (pēnei i te Q235B, Q345B, me ētahi atu), ngā āhuatanga miihini (pēnei i te kaha tuku, te kaha kume, me te roa), me te hanganga matū. He rerekē te mahi o ngā momo rino rerekē. He kaha ake te rino Q345B i te Q235B, ā, he pai mō ngā hanganga e hiahia ana kia nui ake te kaha ki te kawe kawenga. Ko te rino Q235B, i tetahi atu ringa, he pai ake te kirihou me te pakari, ā, he pai mō ngā hanganga me ētahi whakaritenga ru. Hei tāpiri, tirohia te āhua o te rino kia kore ai e puta he hapa pēnei i te pakaru, te whakaurunga, me te piko.
He tohunga a Royal Steel Group ki te hoahoa me ngā rauemi mō ngā hanganga maitai.Ka tuku mātou i ngā hanganga maitai ki ngā whenua me ngā rohe maha, tae atu ki Saudi Arabia, Canada, me Guatemala.E mihi ana mātou ki ngā pātai mai i ngā kiritaki hou me ngā kiritaki o nāianei.
Wāhitau
Te rohe ahumahi whanaketanga o Kangsheng,
Takiwa o Wuqing, taone nui o Tianjin, Haina.
Ngā Hāora
Mane-Rātapu: Ratonga 24-hāora
Wā tuku: Oketopa-14-2025