Whakapā mai mō ētahi atu mōhiohio rahi
Paipa Rino Tuitui API 5L X52/X60/X65/X70/X80 | Ngā Paipa Paipa SMLS mō te Hinu me te Hau
| Paipa Rino API 5LTaipitopito Hua | |
| Ngā māka | API 5L Tau B, X42, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
| Taumata Whakatakotoranga | PSL1, PSL2 |
| Awhe Diameter o Waho | 1/2” ki te 2”, 3”, 4”, 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”, 16 inihi, 18 inihi, 20 inihi, 24 inihi tae atu ki te 40 inihi. |
| Kaupapa Matotoru | SCH 10. SCH 20, SCH 40, SCH STD, SCH 80, SCH XS, ki te SCH 160 |
| Ngā Momo Hanga | Kore-tuitui, ERW whakarewa, SAW i roto i te LSAW, DSAW, SSAW, HSAW |
| Momo Mutunga | Ngā pito piko, Ngā pito papatahi |
| Awhe Roa | SRL, DRL, 20 FT (6 mita), 40FT (12 mita) rānei, kua whakaritea |
| Ngā Taupoki Tiaki | kirihou, rino rānei |
| Te Maimoatanga Mata | Taiao, Pania, Peita Mangu, FBE, 3PE (3LPE), 3PP, CWC (Panitia Taumaha Konukuraiti) Kua Whakakikoruatia, Kua Raina rānei ki te CRA |
Paipa Rino API 5L Taumata BTūtohi Rahi
| Diameter o Waho (OD) | Matotoru o te Pakitara (WT) | Rahi Paipa Ingoa (NPS) | Roa | Kei te wātea te karaehe maitai | Momo |
| 21.3 mm (0.84 inihi) | 2.77 – 3.73 mm | ½ inihi | 5.8 mita / 6 mita / 12 mita | Tau B – X56 | Kore-tūhono / ERW |
| 33.4 mm (1.315 inihi) | 2.77 – 4.55 mm | 1 inihi | 5.8 mita / 6 mita / 12 mita | Tau B – X56 | Kore-tūhono / ERW |
| 60.3 mm (2.375 inihi) | 3.91 – 7.11 mm | 2 inihi | 5.8 mita / 6 mita / 12 mita | Tau B – X60 | Kore-tūhono / ERW |
| 88.9 mm (3.5 inihi) | 4.78 – 9.27 mm | 3 inihi | 5.8 mita / 6 mita / 12 mita | Tau B – X60 | Kore-tūhono / ERW |
| 114.3 mm (4.5 inihi) | 5.21 – 11.13 mm | 4 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | Tau B – X65 | Kore-tuitui / ERW / SAW |
| 168.3 mm (6.625 inihi) | 5.56 – 14.27 mm | 6 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | Tau B – X70 | Kore-tuitui / ERW / SAW |
| 219.1 mm (8.625 inihi) | 6.35 – 15.09 mm | 8 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X42 – X70 | ERW / SAW |
| 273.1 mm (10.75 inihi) | 6.35 – 19.05 mm | 10 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X42 – X70 | KĪHI |
| 323.9 mm (12.75 inihi) | 6.35 – 19.05 mm | 12 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X52 – X80 | KĪHI |
| 406.4 mm (16 inihi) | 7.92 – 22.23 mm | 16 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X56 – X80 | KĪHI |
| 508.0 mm (20 inihi) | 7.92 – 25.4 mm | 20 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X60 – X80 | KĪHI |
| 610.0 mm (24 inihi) | 9.53 – 25.4 mm | 24 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X60 – X80 | KĪHI |
Pāwhiritia te pātene kei te taha matau
PSL 1 (Taumata Whakatakotoranga Hua 1): Mō ngā paipa kua hangaia ki tētahi taumata kounga paerewa taketake.
PSL 2 (Taumata Whakatakotoranga Hua 2): Mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha teitei ake, ngā mana matū pakari ake me te NDT, ngā whakaritenga kaha ake.
| Taonga | PSL1 | PSL2 | Ngā Tuhipoka |
| Te Whakahaere Hanganga Matū | Ngā herenga paerewa mō C, Mn, P, S | He iti ake ngā rohe, he iti ake te P me te S; ka whakaaetia te mana whakahaere huānga microalloy tāpiri | He pai ake te PSL2 mō ngā taiao pāmahana iti me te waikura |
| Kaha Hua (MPa) | E ai ki ngā whakaritenga mō te tohu | Pērā i te PSL1; he paku teitei ake mō ētahi maitai kounga teitei | He rite tonu ngā whakaritenga miihini taketake |
| Kaha Kume (MPa) | E ai ki ngā whakaritenga mō te tohu | He rite tonu ki te PSL1 | |
| Te roa (%) | E ai ki ngā whakaritenga mō te tohu | He rite tonu ki te PSL1 | |
| Pānga Pāmahana-Iti (Charpy V-Notch) | Kōwhiringa, i runga rānei i te whakaritenga whakamahinga mutunga | Me mahi; i te nuinga o te wā ka whakamatautauria i te -20°C, i te -50°C rānei | Ka whakapakari i te pakari i te pāmahana iti |
| Āheitanga whakarewa | E tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga paerewa | He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he whakamātautau pakari ake, he whakamātautau āheinga whakarewa | E hiahia ana a PSL2 ki te mahi whakarewa teitei ake |
| Manawanui Ahu | Awhe paerewa | Tino pakari ake | He kaha ake te mana whakahaere o PSL2 ki te whānui me te matotoru o te pakitara |
| Whakahaere Hapa / NDT | Tirotiro paerewa; UT/RT kōwhiringa | UT/RT/MPI me whai mana | Ka whakarite kia teitei ake te haumaru o ngā paipa |
| Taiao Taupānga | Te kawe paipa whānui | Ngā paipa waikura, pēhanga teitei, pāmahana iti | Ko te PSL2 te mea e pai ake ana mō ngā kaupapa he nui ngā whakaritenga haumaru |
| Utu | He iti iho | He paku teitei ake | Nā te kaha ake o te tirotiro me ngā whakaritenga hangahanga |
| API 5L Grade | Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini Matua (Kaha Putanga) | Ngā horopaki e tika ana mō ngā whenua o Amerika |
| Taumata B | ≥245 MPa | Ngā paipa hau māori pēhanga iti o Amerika Te Raki; Ngā paipa kohikohi mara hinu iti i Amerika Waenganui |
| X42/X46 | >290/317 MPa | Ngā paipa whakamakuku ahuwhenua o te Waenganui-uru o Amerika; ngā whatunga hiko tāone o Amerika ki te Tonga |
| X52 (Matua) | >359 MPa | Ngā paipa hinu kirikiri o Texas; Ngā paipa kohikohi hinu me te hau o uta o Brazil; Ngā paipa hau maori whakawhiti-rohe o Panama |
| X60/X65 | >414/448 MPa | Ngā paipa onepu hinu o Kanata; Ngā paipa pēhanga waenga me te pēhanga teitei o te Moana-a-Mēhiko |
| X70/X80 | >483/552 MPa | Ngā paipa hinu roa o Amerika; ngā papa hinu me te hau wai hohonu o Brazil |
Tirotiro Rauemi Mata– Kōwhiria, ka tirotirohia hoki ngā pereki maitai, ngā koiri rānei o te kounga pai.
Te hanga– Hurihia, werohia rānei kia rite ki te āhua o te paipa (Tuitui kore / ERW / SAW).
Whakarewa–Ka hangaia ngā hononga i roto i ngā paipa mā te whakarewa ātete hiko, mā te whakarewa pewa ruku rānei.
Te Maimoatanga Wera– Whakapai ake i te kaha me te pakari mā te whakamahana tika.
Te Rahi me te Whakatikatika– Whakarerekētia te whānui o te ngongo, ā, whakaūtia kei te tika te rahi.
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro (NDT)– Tirohia mēnā he hapa o roto, o te mata hoki.
Whakamātautau Waipūmau– Whakamātauria te kaha me ngā turuturu o ia paipa.
Paninga Mata– Tāpirihia he paparanga ārai waikura (he wanihi pango, he FBE, he 3LPE, me ētahi atu).
Te Tohu me te Tirotiro– Tohua ngā whakaritenga, ā, mahia ngā tirotiro kounga whakamutunga.
Tākai me te Tukunga– Tākai, whakarārangihia, ka tukuna me ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira.
Tari Ratonga ā-Rohe e kōrero Pāniora anaE whakarato ana tā mātou apiti ā-rohe i ngā ratonga reo Pāniora, e tuku ana i tētahi wheako tino pai, ā, e whakarite ana i te tukanga kawemai pai rawa atu.
Taonga PonoKei a mātou ngā taonga e ranea ana hei whakatutuki wawe i ō hiahia ota.
Tākai HaumaruKa takai pūmautia ngā paipa, ka hiritia ki ngā paparanga maha o te takai mirumiru hei ārai i te rerekētanga me te pakaru i te wā e kawe ana, kia mau ai te haumaru.
Tukunga Tere me te Whai HuaTukunga ki tāwāhi hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tuku o tō kaupapa.
Pūtāhui Tākai
Tō mātouNgā paipa maitai API 5Lkua whakapūtātia ki te pāreti (ngā pāreti rakau kua whakapūtātia ki te IPPC, koinei te paerewa mō Amerika Waenganui, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga hauora katoa mō te kaweake), kātahi ka takaihia ki roto i ngā paparanga kirihou e ono. E toru ngā paparanga o ngā kiriuhi ārai wai e takaihia ana ki tō paipa, nā te nui o te haumākū i roto i te ngahere ua pārūrū, ā, nā tēnei i hangaia kia kore ai e uru te makuku. Kua tāutahia he haki tiaki kirihou kaha-teitei me te mono ki ngā pito e rua o te paipa hei ārai i te puehu, i ngā poke me ngā mea ke atu e uru ana i te wā e kawe ana, e penapena ana hoki i te papaanga, kia noho ma ai te hua, kia kore ai e pakaru. E 2-3 tana te taumaha o ia wāhanga paipa, he rahi me te taumaha pai mō ngā kerēne iti e kitea ana i ngā papaanga mahi o Amerika Waenganui, mā tēnei ka taea te whakahaere haumaru ake me te hanga pai ake.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga Whakaritea
Ngā inenga ISOKo te roa paerewa he 12 mita, he pai mō te uta ipu me te kawe waka o te ao.
Ngā Kōwhiringa Roa Poto8' me te 10' mō ngā kaupapa kei ngā rohe werawera o Guatemala me Honduras, ā, he iti nei te kawe waka mā runga whenua.
He maha ngā kōwhiringa- ka urutau mātou ki ō hiahia! Ka taea e ngā whakaritenga maha te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te kaupapa me te whakamana i te ngāwari o te kawe waka me te whai huatanga o te hanga.
Ratonga Tuhinga Kotahi-Mū
Hei whakahaere i te angitu o te whakawātea tikanga me te hanganga kaupapa mō ā mātou kiritaki i te mākete o Amerika Waenganui, ka tukuna e mātou he tiwhikete kaweake me ngā tuhinga rauemi katoa, kāore he utu, pēnei i:
Tiwhikete Taketake (Puka B)
Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Rauemi MTC
Pūrongo Whakamātautau SGS
Rārangi Tākai
Nama Tauhokohoko
Hei tāpiritanga, ka oati mātou ka tukuna anōtia ngā tuhinga hē, ngā tuhinga ngaro rānei i roto i ngā haora 24, kia kore ai te kaupapa e whakaroa anō.
Ngā Whakaritenga Kawe Ngaio
Kia tukuna te uta, ka tukuna ngā taonga ki tētahi kaikawe kore here mā te momo kawe whenua me te momo kawe moana, ā, ka haumaru, ka pono hoki te kawe. Ko ngā huarahi matua me te wā e tae mai ai:
Haina → Koroni, Panama: ~30 rā
Haina → Manzanillo, Mehiko: Tata ki te 28 ngā rā
Haina → Limon, Costa Rica: ~35 rā
Mēnā he kaupapa e hiahiatia ana, ka tukuna e mātou he ratonga kawe waka poto mai i ngā tauranga ki ngā mara hinu, ki ngā papa mahi rānei. Hei tauira, me te hoa mahi whakahaere waka ā-rohe i Panama TMM, ka whakaratohia e mātou he otinga whakahaere waka mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga, me te tuku rauemi kaupapa i te wā tika me te haumaru.
1. Kei te rite tonu āu paipa maitai API 5L ki ngā paerewa hou mō te mākete o Amerika?
He pono ko tā tātouAPI 5LKei te tino tutuki ngā paipa rino i te API 5L 45th Revision hou, koinei anake te putanga e whakaaetia ana e ngā mana whakahaere o Amerika (te US, Kanata me Amerika Latina)? E tutuki ana hoki i ēnei ngā paerewa ā-ahu o ASME B36.10M me ngā paerewa ā-rohe pēnei i te NOM i Mexico me ngā ture hokohoko kore utu i Panama. Ka taea te tirotiro i ngā tiwhikete katoa (API, NACE MR0175, ISO 9001) i runga i ngā paetukutuku mana.
2. Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te rahi tika o te API 5L maitai mō taku kaupapa (hei tauira: X52 vs X65)?
Kōwhiria tō pēhanga, reo me te taiao o te kaupapa: Mō ngā tono pēhanga iti (≤3MPa) pērā i te hau ā-tāone me te whakamakuku ahuwhenua, he ohanga te Wāhanga B, te X42 rānei. Mō te tuku hinu/hau pēhanga-waenga (3–7MPa) i roto i ngā mara o uta (hei tauira, te kirikiri o Texas), ko te X52 te kōwhiringa tino whaihua. Mō ngā paipa pēhanga-teitei (≥7MPa) me ngā kaupapa o waho (hei tauira, ngā mara wai hohonu o Brazil), API 5L X65/API 5L X70/API 5L X80e taunakitia ana hoki mō te kaha whakaputa teitei (448–552MPa). Ka tukuna atu e tā mātou tīma hangarau he taunakitanga mō te kounga kore utu e ai ki ngā taipitopito o tō kaupapa.
Ngā Taipitopito Whakapā
Wāhitau
Te rohe ahumahi whanaketanga o Kangsheng,
Takiwa o Wuqing, taone nui o Tianjin, Haina.
Ī-mēra
Ngā Hāora
Mane-Rātapu: Ratonga 24-hāora
