ASTM A36 Hanganga Rino me te Whakarewa: Hoahoa, Hanganga mō ngā Whare, ngā Whare Putunga me ngā Hanganga
Ngā Whare Teitei me ngā Whare PakihiNā te kaha o te maitai, engari he mama hoki, kua tino whai hua te hanganga o ngā whare teitei me ngā whare arumoni. Koinei hoki te take ka taea ai te hanga tere, ā, he ngāwari hoki te whakarerekē i ō rātou hoahoa.
Ngā Whare Taonga Ahumahi me ngā Whare PutungaMā ngā hanganga rino ka taea e ngā whare putunga, ngā awheawhe, ngā wheketere me ngā toa hanga pokepoke te whakamahi i tō rātou anga pakari, pakari hoki.
Ngā Piriti me ngā Hanganga WakaNā te kaha nui o te maitai ki te pikau kawenga, he mea nui ia hei wāhanga hangarau mō ngā piriti, ngā arawhata, ngā rerenga me ngā taunga mō te haumaru me te roa.
Ngā Tāutanga Pūngao me ngā RatongaKa tautoko te maitai i ngā tipu hiko, ngā pāmu hau, ngā mara hinu me te hau me ētahi atu pūnaha hiko, tae atu ki ngā ratonga, ā, ka whakarato i te tiaki pumau mai i ngā huarere me te ngenge.
Ngā Whare Hākinakina, Ngā Whare Whakangahau me Ngā Whare Whakaaturanga, Ngā Whare Tākaro me Ngā Whare Pāka, nā te kore o ngā pou o roto i hangaia ai e te maitai he rauemi ka taea te toro mō ngā tawhiti roa.
Ngā Whare Ahuwhenua me ngā Whare PutungaHe pakari ngā whare witi anga rino, ngā whare pupuri taonga, ngā whare kati kōtuhi, me ngā whare rokiroki, ā, he ātete hoki ki te waikura me te huarere.
Ngā Hanganga Moana, Tauranga me te Tahataha MoanaHe tino pai ngā anga rino mō te hanganga i te moana, inā koa i ngā tauranga, i ngā tauranga, i ngā pou me ngā wāhi whanga ina kore e taea te whiriwhiri i te kaha, te ātete ki te waikura me te kaha ki te utaina.
Ngā hua hanganga maitai matua mō te hanganga wheketere
1. Hanganga kawenga matua (ka taea te urutau ki ngā whakaritenga rū whenua pārūrū)
| Momo Hua | Awhe Whakatakotoranga | Mahi Matua | Ngā Wāhi Whakarerekētanga o Amerika Waenganui |
| Kurupae Anga Tomokanga | Whānui 12×30 ~ Whānui 16×45 (ASTM A572 Gr.50) | Kurupae matua mō te amo kawenga o te tuanui/pakitara | He hoahoa pūnga ru nui me ngā hononga pūmau hei karo i ngā whakarewa pakarukaru, kua arotauhia te wāhanga hei whakaiti i te taumaha whaiaro mō te kawe ā-rohe. |
| Pou Rino | H300×300 ~ H500×500 (ASTM A36) | Tautoko ana i ngā kawenga anga me te papa | Ngā hononga rū whenua kua whakauruhia ki te turanga, he whakaotinga whakarewa wera-tuku (paninga konutea ≥85μm) mō te taiao haumākū teitei |
| Kurupae Kārani | Whānui 24×76 ~ Whānui 30×99 (ASTM A572 Gr.60) | Te amo kawenga mō te whakahaere i te kereini ahumahi | He hoahoa taumaha (mō ngā kerēne 5~20t) me te kurupae pito kua whakauruhia ki ngā pereti hononga ātete kutikuti |
2. Ngā Wāhanga o te Pūnaha Ārai (Ātete ki te Huarere + Tiaki i te Waikura)
Ngā Purlin o te TuanuiKo ngā purlin konukōre wera C12×20 ki te C16×31 kua wehea i te 1.5–2 m hei tautoko i ngā pepa maitai pania tae-tae ka taea te ātete i te kawenga awhiowhio tae atu ki te 12 taumata.
Ngā Purlin PakitaraNgā purlin Z10×20 ki te Z14×26 kua peitatia ā-anti-waikura, me ngā kōhao hauhautanga hei whakaiti i te makuku—he tino pai mō ngā taiao wheketere pārūrū.
Ngā Ārai me ngā Ārai KokiKo te tautoko maitai porowhita piauau wera Φ12–Φ16 me ngā tautoko kokonga maitai koki L50×5 ka mahi hei ārai i ngā tere hau o te 150 maero ia hāora hei whakarato i te pumau taha.
3. Te Urutau ā-Rohe: Ngā Hua Tautoko me ngā Hua Āpiti (Te Rerekētanga ā-Rohe i runga i ngā Hiahia Hanga)
Wāhanga Rino WhakauruKo ngā pereti maitai piauau he 10–20 mm te matotoru (WLHT) e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā turanga raima i Amerika Waenganui.
Ngā HonongaHe pūtu whakarewa kaha-teitei te karaehe 8.8, kāore e hiahiatia he whakarewa i te papaanga, ka whakapoto i te wā hanga.
Ngā Paninga TiakiHe peita ātete mura wai, he roa te ātete ahi ≥1.5 hāora, me te peita ātete-waikura acryl he ātete ki te UV me te roanga ora ≥10 tau, e tutuki ana i ngā kaupapa here taiao ā-rohe.
| Tikanga Tukatuka | Ngā Mīhini Tukatuka | Te tukatuka |
| Te tapahi | Ngā mīhini tapahi plasma/mura CNC, ngā mīhini kutikuti | Te tapahi mura plasma mō ngā pereti/wāhanga maitai, te kutikuti mō ngā pereti maitai angiangi, me te whakahaere i te tika o ngā āhuatanga. |
| Te hanga | Mīhini piko makariri, mīhini pēhi pēhi, mīhini hurihuri | Piko makariri (mō ngā purlin c/z), piko (mō ngā awaawa/te tapahi taha), hurihuri (mō ngā pae tautoko porowhita) |
| Whakarewa | Mīhini whakarewa pewa ruku, mīhini whakarewa pewa ā-ringa, mīhini whakarewa ārai-hau CO₂ | Te whakarewa pewa ruku (ngā pou Tatimana / ngā kurupae H), te whakarewa rākau (ngā pereti gusset), te whakarewa ārai hau CO² (ngā mea pakitara angiangi) |
| Te hanga kōhao | Mīhini keri CNC, mīhini poka | Te poka CNC (ngā kōhao pūtu i roto i ngā pereti/wāhanga hono), Te poka (ngā kōhao iti puranga), Me ngā ātete whānui/tūnga kōhao whakahaeretia |
| Te maimoatanga | Mīhini pupuhi pupuhi/whakaputa onepu, huri, raina whakawera wera | Te tango waikura (te pupuhi pupuhi / te pupuhi onepu), te huri whakarewa (te tango i ngā pakaru), te whakapūmau wera (te pūtu/te tautoko) |
| Huihuinga | Papa huihuinga, taputapu ine | I muri i te manatoko i ngā rahinga, i wetewetehia ngā wāhanga kua oti kē te huihui (pou + kurupae + turanga) hei tuku. |
| 1. Whakamātautau rehu tote (whakamātautau waikura matua) | 2. Whakamātautau piri | 3. Whakamātautau ātete haumākū me te wera |
| Ngā Paerewa ASTM B117 (rehu tote kūpapa) / ISO 11997-1 (rehu tote hurihuri), e tika ana mō te taiao tote nui o te takutai o Amerika Waenganui. | Whakamātautau whakawhiti-kōhao mā te whakamahi i te ASTM D3359 (whakamātautau whakawhiti-kōhao/kōhao-matapihi, hei whakatau i te taumata tihorenga); whakamātautau tōia mā te whakamahi i te ASTM D4541 (hei ine i te kaha tihorenga i waenga i te paninga me te papa maitai). | Ngā Paerewa ASTM D2247 (40℃/95% haumākū, hei ārai i te pupuhi me te ngatata o te paninga i ngā wā ua). |
| 4. Whakamātautau koroheketanga UV | 5. Whakamātautau matotoru o te kiriata | 6. Whakamātautau kaha pānga |
| Ngā Paerewa ASTM G154 (hei whakatauira i te kaha o te pānga o te hihi UV ki ngā ngahere ua, hei ārai i te memeha me te tākai o te paninga). | Kiriata maroke mā te whakamahi i te ASTM D7091 (ine matotoru aukume); kiriata mākū mā te whakamahi i te ASTM D1212 (kia tutuki ai te ātete ki te waikura i te matotoru kua tohua). | Ngā Paerewa ASTM D2794 (te pānga o te hama taka, hei ārai i te kino i te wā e kawe ana/tāutanga ana). |
Whakaaturanga maimoatanga i runga i te mataHe paninga whai rawa i te konutea epoxy, he mea whakakoi (he matotoru o te paparanga whakakoi wera ≥85μm ka taea te roa o te ratonga ki te 15-20 tau), he mea pani ki te hinu pango, me ētahi atu.
Pango Hinuhia
Pirau
Paninga Epoxy whai rawa i te konutea
Tākai:
He pai te takai o ngā taonga rino hei tiaki i te mata, ā, ka mau tonu te āhua o te hua i te wā e whakahaeretia ana, e haria ana hoki. Ko ngā wāhanga he mea takai ki ngā rauemi ātete-wai pērā i te kiriata kirihou, te pepa ārai-waikura rānei, ā, ko ngā taputapu iti kei roto i te pouaka rakau. Ina tohua katoatia, ka taea e koe te okioki mārie kei te haumaru tō tangohanga me te kore he pakaru o tō tāutanga ki te papaanga. Mā te takai pai ka ārai i te kino, ka ngāwari hoki te pupuri me te tāuta mō ngā kaupapa hanga.
Te kawe waka:
Ko te rahi me te wāhi e tukuna ana te kawenga e whakatau ana mēnā he ōrite te tawhiti o ngā hanganga rino, he whakarārangi rānei i ngā kawenga kau i te tawhiti 4 mita, he ipu rino rānei i te tawhiti 2 mita, he tuku nui rānei. Ka tāpirihia he whitiki rino ki ngā taonga nunui, taumaha rānei hei tautoko, ā, ka whakatakotoria he papa rakau ki ngā taha e whā o te takai hei ārai i te kawenga. Ka whakahaerehia ngā tukanga kawe katoa i runga i ngā whakaritenga a ngā tikanga tuku o te ao kia tukuna ai i te wā tika me te haumaru ahakoa i runga i ngā moana, i ngā tawhiti roa rānei. Mā tēnei huarahi ātaahua ka tukuna te rino ki te wāhi i runga i te āhua pai rawa atu mō te whakamahi tonu.
1. Ngā Peka ki Tāwāhi me te Tautoko i te Reo Pāniora
Me ngā tari kei tāwāhi me ngā kaimahi e kōrero Pāniora ana, ka āwhina mātou i ō whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ki ngā kiritaki i ngā whenua o Amerika Latina me Ūropi. Ka tautoko hoki tā mātou tīma i a koe i roto i ngā tikanga tuku iho, ngā tuhinga me ngā tikanga kawemai kia pai ai te ratonga māu.
2. He taonga e wātea ana mō te tuku tere
He nui hoki ā mātou rauemi maitai hanganga kei roto i te toa pērā i ngā kurupae-H, ngā kurupae-I me ētahi atu rauemi hanganga. Mā tēnei ka tere te tuku o ngā hua ahakoa mō ngā mahi tino tere me te iti o te wā tatari.
3. Ngaio Tākai
I tākaihia ngā hua katoa ki te mōkihi haumaru mō te moana - he paihere anga rino, he takai ātete wai, me te tiaki taha. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakahaere ma, te pumau i roto i te tuku tawhiti, me te taenga kore pakaru ki te tauranga e haerehia ana.
4. Tukunga Tere me te Tukunga
Kei roto i ā mātou ratonga ko te FOB, CIF, DDP me ērā atu, ā, ka mahi tahi mātou me ngā kaituku taonga pono o te rohe. Mā te moana, te tereina, te rori rānei, ka oati mātou ka tae mai te tuku i te wā tika, ā, ka whakaratohia hoki he aroturukitanga pono mō ngā mahi tuku taonga puta noa i te huarahi.
Mō ngā take kounga rauemi
P: Te tutuki i ngā paerewa He aha ngā paerewa e tika ana mō ō hanganga maitai?
A: E tutuki ana tā mātou hanganga maitai i ngā Paerewa o Amerika pērā i te ASTM A36, ASTM A572 me ētahi atu. Hei tauira: He hanganga waro whānui te ASTM A36, ā, he hanganga ātete-huarere te A588 e tika ana mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga hau kino.
Q: Me pēhea te whakahaere i te kounga o te maitai?
A: Nō ngā mira maitai rongonui o te motu, o te ao rānei, ngā rauemi maitai, ā, he tino pakari tā rātou pūnaha whakahaere kounga. I te taenga mai, ka whakamatautauria katoatia ngā hua, tae atu ki te tātari hanganga matū, te whakamātautau āhuatanga miihini me te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro, pērā i te whakamātautau ultrasonic (UT) me te whakamātautau matūriki aukume (MPT), hei tirotiro mēnā ka tutuki te kounga ki ngā paerewa e pā ana.
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