Ngā Pūrongo - Hanganga Rino: He Pūnaha Hanganga Matua i roto i te Hangarau Hou

I roto i ngā hoahoanga o nāianei, te kawe waka, te ahumahi, me te hangarau pūngao,hanganga maitai, me ōna painga rua i roto i ngā rauemi me ngā hanganga, kua noho hei tino kaha e akiaki ana i te auahatanga i roto i te hangarau hangarau. Mā te whakamahi i te maitai hei rauemi matua mō te pikaunga kawenga, ka hipa atu i ngā herenga o ngā hanganga tuku iho mā te whakaputa ahumahi me te tāutanga modular, e whakarato ana i ngā otinga whai hua mō te whānuitanga o ngā kaupapa uaua.

Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore o te Hanganga Rino - CHINA ROYAL STEEL

Te Whakamāramatanga me te Āhua o te Hanganga Rino
Ko te hanganga maitai e pā ana ki tētahi pūnaha hanganga e mau ana i te kawenga, he mea tito mai ipereti maitai, ngā wāhanga maitai (Ngā kurupae H, Ngā hongere U, koki maitai, me ētahi atu), me ngā paipa rino, i herea mā te whakarewa, ngā pūtu kaha-teitei, ngā rivet rānei. Ko tōna kaupapa matua he whakamahi i te kaha me te pakari o te rino hei whakawhiti ōrite i ngā kawenga poutū (te taumaha mate me te taumaha taputapu) me ngā kawenga whakapae (te hau me te rū whenua) mai i tētahi whare, kaupapa rānei ki tōna turanga, kia mau ai te pumau o te hanganga. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā hanganga raima, ko te painga matua o ngā hanganga rino kei roto i ō rātou āhuatanga miihini: ka taea e tō rātou kaha kume te eke ki runga ake i te 345 MPa, neke atu i te 10 ngā wā i te raima noa; ā, nā tō rātou kirihou pai ka taea e rātou te huri i raro i te kawenga me te kore e pakaru, ka whakarato i te taurangi rua o te haumaru hanganga. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka kore e taea te whakakapi i roto i ngā āhuatanga whānui, teitei, me te kawenga taumaha.

Ngā Momo Matua o ngā Hanganga Rino

(I) Te Whakarōpūtanga mā te Āhua Hanganga
Hanganga Anga Kūaha: Ko tēnei hanganga, he mea tito mai i ngā pou me ngā kurupae, ka hanga he anga āhua "kūaha", me te pūnaha tautoko. He pai mō ngā whare hanga ahumahi, ngā whare putunga mahi, ngā hūpāmakete, me ētahi atu hanganga. Ko ngā whānuitanga noa kei waenga i te 15 ki te 30 mita, ko ētahi neke atu i te 40 mita. Ka taea te hanga i ngā wāhanga i roto i ngā wheketere, ka taea te tāuta ki te papaanga i roto noa i te 15 ki te 30 rā. Hei tauira, ko ngā whare putunga o JD.com's Asia No. 1 Logistics Park e whakamahi ana i tēnei momo hanganga.
Hanganga Tūhonohono: He hanganga tēnei he tokotoko tika e honoa ana e ngā pona hei hanga i te āhua tapatoru, tapawhā rānei. Ka pāngia ngā tokotoko e ngā kaha tuaka anake, me te whakamahi katoa i te kaha o te maitai. He mea noa te whakamahi i ngā hanganga tūhonohono i ngā tuanui o ngā papa tākaro me ngā whāriki matua o ngā piriti. Hei tauira, i te whakahoutanga o te Papa Tākaro Kaimahi o Beijing, i whakamahia he hanganga tūhonohono hei whakatutuki i te whāriki kore-pou 120-mita.
Ngā hanganga anga: Mā te pūnaha ā-wāhi i hangaia mā te hono pūmau i ngā kurupae me ngā pou, ka taea te whakarite mahere papa ngāwari, ā, koinei te whiringa matua mō ngā whare tari me ngā hōtēra teitei.
Ngā hanganga whatunga: He whatunga ā-wāhi e titoa ana e ngā mema maha, he maha ngā pona tapatoru me ngā pona tapawhā, e tuku ana i te pakari me te ātete ki te rū whenua. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i ngā taunga rererangi me ngā pokapū huihuinga.

(II) Te Whakarōpūtanga mā ngā Āhuatanga Utaina
Ngā mema piko: Mā ngā kurupae e tohu, ka tu atu ēnei mema ki ngā nekehanga piko, me te pēhanga i te tihi, me te kume i te raro. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e rātou ngā wāhanga-H, ngā wāhanga pouaka whakarewa rānei, pērā i ngā kurupae kerēni i roto i ngā whare ahumahi, ā, me tutuki i a rātou ngā whakaritenga ātete kaha me te ngenge.
Ngā mema utaina tuaka: Ka pāngia ēnei mema e te kume/pehitanga tuaka anake, pērā i ngā tokotoko here whariki me ngā mema whatunga. He mea hanga ngā tokotoko here kia kaha, engari me pumau ngā tokotoko pehitanga. Ko ngā ngongo porohita, ko ngā wāhanga maitai koki rānei te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana. Ngā wāhanga utaina tauwhāiti: Ka pāngia ēnei e ngā kaha tuaka me ngā nekehanga piko, pērā i ngā pou anga. Nā te tauwhāiti o te kawenga i ngā pito kurupae, me whakamahi ngā wāhanga whakawhiti ōrite (pērā i ngā pou pouaka) hei taurite i ngā kaha me ngā whakarerekētanga.

Ngā Painga Matua o ngā Hanganga Rino
(I) Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini Tino Pai
Ko te kaha nui me te taumaha iti ngā painga nui o ngā hanganga maitai. Mō tētahi whānuitanga kua whakaritea, ko te taumaha mate o te kurupae maitai he 1/3-1/5 noa iho i tō te kurupae raima. Hei tauira, ko te taumaha o te anga maitai 30-mita te whānui e tata ana ki te 50 kg/m, ko te taumaha o te kurupae raima neke atu i te 200 kg/m. Ehara i te mea ka whakaitihia ngā utu turanga (mā te 20%-30%) anake, engari ka whakaitihia hoki ngā pānga rū whenua, ka whakapai ake i te haumaru rū whenua o te hanganga.
(II) Te Whai Hua o te Hanganga
Neke atu i te 90% o ngā wāhanga hanganga rino kua oti te hanga i roto i ngā wheketere me te tino tika o te taumata mirimita. Ko te tāutanga i te papaanga me tango noa i te hiki me te hononga. Hei tauira, ko te whare tari rino 10-papa e 6-8 marama noa iho mai i te hanga wāhanga ki te otinga, he whakaiti i te wā hanga 40% ki te whakaritea ki te hanganga raima. Hei tauira, i tutuki i tētahi kaupapa whare noho rino kua oti te hanga i Shenzhen te tere hanga o "kotahi papa i ia whitu rā," he whakaiti nui i ngā utu mahi i te papaanga.
(III) Te Ātete Kaha ki te Rū Whenua me te Pakari
Mā te pakari o te rino ka taea e ngā hanganga rino te tohatoha i te kaha mā te whakarerekētanga i te wā o ngā rū whenua. Hei tauira, i te wā o te rū whenua o Wenchuan i te tau 2008, he iti noa te whakarerekētanga i pā ki tētahi wheketere hanganga rino i Chengdu, ā, kāore he mōrearea o te hinga. Hei tāpiri, i muri i te maimoatanga ārai-waikura (te whakapūmau me te paninga), ka taea e te rino te whai oranga ratonga mō te 50-100 tau, me ngā utu tiaki he iti ake i ngā hanganga raima.
(IV) Te Tiakitanga Taiao me te Whakapūmautanga
Neke atu i te 90% te auau hangarua maitai, ā, ka taea te whakarewa anō me te tukatuka i muri i te whakahoro, ka whakakore i te parahanga o ngā para hanga. Hei tāpiri, kāore e hiahiatia he mahi hanga, he tiaki rānei mō te hanganga maitai, he iti noa te mahi mākū i te papaanga, ā, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga puehu neke atu i te 60% ki te whakataurite ki ngā hanganga raima, e hangai ana ki ngā mātāpono hanga matomato. Hei tauira, i muri i te whakahoro o te wāhi Ice Cube mō ngā Olympics Hotoke o Beijing 2022, i whakamahia anō ētahi wāhanga i roto i ētahi atu kaupapa, ā, i tutuki ai te hangarua rauemi.

Te Whānuitanga o te Whakamahinga o ngā Hanganga Rino
(I) Te Hanganga
Ngā whare tūmatanui: Ko ngā papa tākaro, ngā taunga rererangi, ngā pokapū huihuinga me ngā whakaaturanga, me ētahi atu, e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hanganga maitai hei whakatutuki i ngā whānuitanga nui me ngā hoahoa whānui.
Ngā whare noho: Kei te piki haere te rongonui o ngā whare noho maitai kua oti te hanga, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whare whaiaro.
Ngā whare arumoni: Ngā whare tari me ngā toa hokohoko tino teitei, e whakamahi ana i ngā hanganga maitai hei whakatutuki i ngā hoahoa uaua me te hanganga whai hua.
(II) Te Waka
Te hangarau piriti: Ngā piriti whakawhiti moana me ngā piriti rerewē. He whānui ngā whārua o ngā piriti maitai, ā, he kaha te ātete ki te hau me te rū whenua.
Te tereina: Ngā tuanui o te teihana tereina raro whenua me ngā kurupae o te ara tereina mama.
(III) Ahumahi
Ngā wheketere ahumahi: Ngā wheketere mīhini taumaha me ngā wheketere whakarewa. Ka taea e ngā hanganga maitai te tu atu i ngā kawenga o ngā taputapu nunui, ā, ka āwhina i ngā whakarerekētanga taputapu i muri mai.
Ngā whare putunga: Ngā whare putunga mekameka makariri me ngā pokapū whakahaere taonga. Ka tutuki i ngā hanganga anga tatau ngā whakaritenga rokiroki whānui, ā, he tere te hanga me te tono.
(IV) Pūngao
Ngā whakaurunga hiko: Ngā whare matua o te tipu hiko wera me ngā pourewa tuku hiko. He pai ngā hanganga maitai mō ngā kawenga nui me ngā taiao o waho. Pūngao Hou: He hanganga maitai māmā ngā pourewa hau me ngā pūnaha whakairinga photovoltaic mō te kawe me te tāutanga ngāwari, hei tautoko i te whanaketanga pūngao ma.