Hanganga maitai waro ASTM A36 Whare tari nui kua oti te hanga, Whare tari anga whakarewa māmā, Whare putunga awheawhe
Hanganga RinoKo ngā hanganga rino he mea tautoko e te rino kaha teitei, ā, he pai rawa atu ēnei mō te ātete ki ngā rū whenua, te ātete ki te hau, te tere o te hanga, me te ngāwari hoki ki te wāhi.
Whare Hanganga RinoKo ngā whare hanganga rino he whare rino māmā te anga, he mea e penapena ana i te hiko, e tiaki ana i te taiao, he whakamarumaru wera, ā, he iti ake te roa o te haumitanga.
Whare Putunga Hanganga RinoHe whare putunga hanganga maitai, he whānui te whānuitanga, he nui te whakamahinga o te wāhi, he tere te tāutanga, he ngāwari ki te hoahoa.
Whare Hanganga RinoHe kaha te kaha o ngā whare wheketere hanganga rino ki te pikau i ngā kawenga, ā, ka taea te hoahoa i ngā wāhi nui me te kore e hiahiatia he pou, ā, he pai rawa atu ēnei whare mō ngā mahi hanga me ngā mahi ahumahi.
Ngā hua hanganga maitai matua mō te hanganga wheketere
1. Hanganga kawenga matua (ka taea te urutau ki ngā whakaritenga rū whenua pārūrū)
| Momo Hua | Awhe Whakatakotoranga | Mahi Matua | Ngā Wāhi Whakarerekētanga o Amerika Waenganui |
| Kurupae Anga Tomokanga | Whānui 12×30 ~ Whānui 16×45 (ASTM A572 Gr.50) | Kurupae matua mō te amo kawenga o te tuanui/pakitara | He hoahoa pūnga kaha-ru te hanganga, e whakamahi ana i ngā hononga pūmau hei utu mō ngā whakarewa hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te pakarukaru. Kua arotauhia hoki te wāhanga whakawhiti hei whakaiti i te taumaha katoa, kia pai ake ai te kawe me te whakahaere. |
| Pou Rino | H300×300 ~ H500×500 (ASTM A36) | Tautoko ana i ngā kawenga anga me te papa | Kua whakauruhia te turanga ki ngā hononga ru whenua kua whakauruhia hei whakarei ake i te pumau o te hanganga. Ka pania he paninga konutea wera-tuku me te paninga konutea kāore i raro iho i te 85μm, hei whakarite i te tiaki pono mai i te waikura i roto i ngā taiao makuku nui. |
| Kurupae Kārani | Whānui 24×76 ~ Whānui 30×99 (ASTM A572 Gr.60) | Te amo kawenga mō te whakahaere i te kereini ahumahi | I hangaia mō ngā mahi taumaha (ngā kerēne 5–20 tana), kei roto i te hanganga ngā kurupae pito kua rite ki ngā pereti hononga ātete-kutikuti hei whakarite i te mahi pumau me te pono i raro i te kawenga. |
2. Ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha ārai (hiri huarere + ārai waikura)
Ngā purlin tuanui: C12×20~C16×31 (whakarewa wera) i te tawhiti o te 1.5~2m mō te tāutanga o te pepa maitai pania tae, me te kawenga āwhiowhio tae atu ki te taumata 12.
Ngā purlin pakitaraZ10×20~Z14×26 (peita ārai-waikura), pūwero hau hei whakaiti i te haumākū mō ngā wheketere toropika.
Mā te tautoko (Φ12~Φ16 maitai porowhita piauau wera-toia) me ngā tautoko kokonga (ngā koki maitai L50×5) ka whakapakeke i te anga ki te taha hei ātete i ngā hau tae atu ki te 150 maero ia hāora.
3. Tautoko i ngā hua āwhina (te urutaunga hanga ā-rohe)
1. Ngā wāhanga rino kua tāmauhia (10mm-20mm te matotoru, he mea whakakikoruatia ki te WLHT) mō te turanga raima e whakamahia whānuitia ana i Amerika Waenganui 1. Ngā wāhanga kua tāmauhia: Ngā wāhanga pereti rino kua tāmauhia (10mm-20mm te matotoru, he mea whakakikoruatia ki te HOT), e tika ana mō te turanga raima e whakamahia whānuitia ana i Amerika Waenganui;
2. Ngā Hononga: Ngā pūtu kaha-teitei (kōeke 8.8, he mea whakarewa wera-tuku), kāore he whakarewa i te papaanga, hei penapena i te wā hanga;
3. He peita ātete ahi e hangai ana ki te wai (ātete ahi ≥1.5h) me te peita ātete-waikura kiriaku (ātete ki te UV, roanga ora ≥10 tau) e tutuki ana i ngā kaupapa here tiaki taiao ā-rohe.
Hanganga RinoNgā Wāhanga
Kei roto i ngā paerewa kua whakaputaina puta noa i te ao ngā whakamārama mō ngā wāhanga paerewa, ā, kei reira anō hoki ngā wāhanga rangatira.
Ngā hihi-I(ngā wāhanga "I" matua – i te UK ko UB mō te kurupae whānui, UC mō te pou whānui; i Ūropi ko IPE, HE, HL, HD me ētahi atu; i te US ko ngā flange whānui (āhua-W, āhua-W rānei) me ngā āhua-H).
Ngā hihi-Z(ngā haurua-rere whakamuri).
HSS(ngā wāhanga hanganga tuwhera, e kiia ana ko te SHS (ngā wāhanga hanganga tuwhera), kei roto i ēnei ko ngā āhua tapawhā, tapawhā hāngai, porowhita (ngongo) me te porowhita).
Koki Rino(Ngā wāhanga āhua-L).
Ngā awa hanganga, ngā wāhanga āhua-C, ngā wāhanga C rānei
Ngā kurupae-T(Ngā wāhanga T).
Ngā Pae Rinohe tapawhā rite te wāhanga engari kāore i te whānui kia kiia he pereti.
Ngā Rākau Rinohe porowhita, he tapawhā rānei te wāhanga whakawhiti, ā, he nui te roa ki te whakataurite ki tōna whānui.
Ngā Pepa Rino, he konganuku ēnei he iti iho i te 6 mm, he 1/4 inihi rānei te matotoru.
| Wāhanga Tukatuka | Ngā Taputapu i Whakamahia | Whakaahuatanga |
| Te tapahi | Mīhini tapahi plasma CNC me te tapahi mura, te kutikuti | Ka tapahia te pereti me te maitai wāhanga mā te tapahi plasma, mura rānei, ā, mā te kutikuti i te pereti māmā. Ka aro turukihia te manawanui ki te rahi me te āhua. |
| Te hanga | Mīhini piko - mīhini whakapiko - rauemi koiri | Te piko makariri, te pēhi i te aukati mō ngā taha me ngā awa ua, te hurihuri mō ngā hua porowhita me te āhua-pewa pērā i te taera tuanui porowhita, ngā matapihi me te tatau porowhita. |
| Whakarewa | Ngā mīhini whakarewa pewa ruku, ngā mīhini whakarewa ā-ringa e āraihia ana e te hau CO2, ngā mīhini whakarewa pewa hiko | Ka whakarewahia ngā kurupae me ngā pou H mā te pewa i raro i te wai, ka whakarewahia ā-ringa ngā pereti hononga, ā, ka whakamahia te whakarewa CO2 mō ngā pereti maitai angiangi. |
| Te Hanga Pūaha | Ngā mīhini keri me te wero CNC | Mā te keri CNC ka taea te hanga i ngā kōhao pūtu tika i roto i ngā wāhanga hanganga. Ka whakamahia hoki te wero mō te hanga i ngā kōhao puranga tino whai hua me ngā manawanui tata. |
| Te Maimoatanga Mata | Ngā mīhini tango/whakapūngā onepū, ngā mīhini huri, ngā raina whakaputa whakapūngā | Ka horoia te mata mā te pupuhi, ka hurihia kia maeneene te hononga whakarewa, ā, ka whakamahia te whakakikorua wera hei ārai i te waikura. |
| Huihuinga | Ngā papa huihuinga, ngā taputapu ine | Ka wetewetehia ngā wāhanga i mua i te tukunga mō te huihuinga e rua ngā taahiraa. Ka huihuia i mua i te tirotiro whakauru mā te tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga, ka wetewetehia i muri i te tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga, ā, ka tukuna haumaru, whai hua hoki. |
| Tuemi Whakamātautau | Paerewa me te Tikanga | Whakaahuatanga |
| Whakamātautau Rehu Tote | ASTM B117 (Whakamātautau Rehu Tote Kūpapa) / ISO 11997-1 (Whakamātautau Rehu Tote Hurihuri) | Aromātaitia te ātete o te paninga ki te waikura i raro i ngā āhuatanga tote teitei, e tika ana mō ngā taiao takutai moana pēnei i Amerika Waenganui. |
| Whakamātautau Piri | ASTM D3359 (Whakamātautau Tapahi-Whaia) / ASTM D4541 (Whakamātautau Haehae) | Mā te whakamātautau piri whakawhiti-tapa ka tirohia te piri o te paninga, ā, mā te whakamātautau tōia-waho ka ine i te kaha o te here i waenga i te paninga me te papa. |
| Whakamātautau Ātete Makuku | ASTM D2247 (40°C/95% RH) | Aromātaihia te mahi a te paninga i raro i ngā āhuatanga haumākū tiketike hei ārai i te pupuhi me te ngatata i ngā rangi ua. |
| Whakamātautau Pakeketanga UV | ASTM G154 | Whakatauirahia te pānga roa o te hihi UV kia pai ai te ātete o te paninga ki te memeha me te pirau o te mata. |
| Whakamātautau Matotoru Kiriata | ASTM D7091 (Whakamātautau Kiriata Maroke) / ASTM D1212 (Whakamātautau Kiriata Mākū) | Inehia te matotoru o te paninga kia tino tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tiaki waikura kua whakaritea. |
| Whakamātautau Ātete Pānga | ASTM D2794 | Aromātaihia te pakari o te pānga o te paninga hei whakaiti i te kino i te wā e whakahaeretia ana, e tāutahia ana hoki. |
Whakaaturanga maimoatanga i runga i te mataHe paninga whai rawa i te konutea epoxy, he mea whakakoi (he matotoru o te paparanga whakakoi wera ≥85μm ka taea te roa o te ratonga ki te 15-20 tau), he mea pani ki te hinu pango, me ētahi atu.
Pango Hinuhia
Pirau
Paninga Epoxy whai rawa i te konutea
Tākai:
Ka takaihia ngā hua rino kia mau ki te tiaki i tōna mata, kia mau hoki te hanganga i te wā e whakahaeretia ana, e haria ana hoki. Ko ngā wāhanga he mea takai ki tētahi mea ārai-wai pērā i te kiriata kirihou, te pepa ārai-waikura rānei, ā, ko ngā taputapu iti ka takaihia ki roto i ngā pouaka rakau. He rerekē, ko ngā paihere/wāhanga katoa he mea tapanga mārama kia taea ai e koe te tango haumaru i a rātou, me te tāuta ngaio ki te wāhi.
Te kawe waka:
Ka taea te tuku i ngā hanganga rino mā te ipu, mā te kaipuke nui rānei, i runga i te rahi me te wāhi e tukuna ana. Ka herea ngā taonga nunui, taumaha rānei ki te whitiki rino, ā, ka tāutahia he rakau ki ngā taha e rua hei pupuri i te kawenga i te wā e tukuna ana. Ka mahia ngā tukanga whakahaere katoa i runga i ngā paerewa kawe o te ao kia pai ai te tukunga i te wā tika me te taenga haumaru ahakoa ka tukuna i tawhiti, i tāwāhi rānei.
1. Te Peka o Tāwāhi me te Tautoko Reo Pāniora
He tari tāwāhi ā mātou, ā, e taea ana e mātou te kōrero ki ā mātou kiritaki o Amerika Latina me Ūropi, ā, e mōhio ana mātou ki te reo Pāniora.
Mā ngā tukanga a tā mātou tīma koe e āwhina ki te whakawātea i ngā tikanga tāke, te tuhi tuhinga, me te tuku tere me te tukatuka kawemai.
2. Taonga kua rite mō te tuku tere
Kei a mātou tonu ngā rauemi mata mō te hanganga maitai paerewa, tae atu ki te kurupae H, te kurupae I me ngā wāhanga hanganga.
Mā tēnei ka tere ake te wā arahi kia taea ai e ngā kiritaki te whiwhi hua tere me te pono mō ngā kaupapa whāiti.
3. Tākai Ngaio
Kei roto i ngā hua katoa he takai paerewa mō te moana - he paihere anga maitai, he takai ātete wai, he tiaki taha.
Mā tēnei ka taurangi te haumaru o te uta, te pumau i te wā e kawe ana i ngā taonga mai tawhiti, ā, kāore he kino ina tae ki te tauranga ūnga.
4. Tukunga me te Tukunga Whai Hua
Ka mahi tahi mātou me ngā kaihoko kaipuke ā-rohe pono, ka taea e mātou te tuku i ngā tikanga tuku ngāwari tae atu ki te FOB, CIF, DDP.
Ahakoa mā te moana, te tereina, te rori rānei, ka oati mātou ki a koe ka tukuna atu i te wā tika me te whai hua o ngā ratonga aroturuki.
Mō ngā take kounga rauemi
P: Te tutuki i ngā paerewa He aha ngā paerewa e tika ana mō ō hanganga maitai?
A: E tutuki ana tā mātou hanganga maitai i ngā Paerewa o Amerika pērā i te ASTM A36, ASTM A572 me ētahi atu. Hei tauira: He hanganga waro whānui te ASTM A36, ā, he hanganga ātete-huarere te A588 e tika ana mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga hau kino.
Q: Me pēhea te whakahaere i te kounga o te maitai?
A: Nō ngā mira maitai rongonui o te motu, o te ao rānei, ngā rauemi maitai, ā, he tino pakari tā rātou pūnaha whakahaere kounga. I te taenga mai, ka whakamatautauria katoatia ngā hua, tae atu ki te tātari hanganga matū, te whakamātautau āhuatanga miihini me te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro, pērā i te whakamātautau ultrasonic (UT) me te whakamātautau matūriki aukume (MPT), hei tirotiro mēnā ka tutuki te kounga ki ngā paerewa e pā ana.
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