Kōtaha Rino Kurupae H Q355B Hurihia Wera mō ngā Kaupapa Hanga me ngā Hanganga | Kaiwhakarato Kurupae Rino Hanganga Kaha Teitei
| Tūemi Whakataurite | Haina GB (GB/T 1591)Q355B | Pakeha EN (EN 10025-2)S355JR / S355JO | ASTM Amerika (A572/A572M) Tau 50 [345] |
| Te Hiranga o te Ingoa | Q: Tū mō te kaha tuku 355: Uara hua ≥355 MPa B: Kounga Tau B (whakamātautau Pānga 20°C) | S: Rino Hanganga 355: Uara hua ≥355 MPa JR: Whakamātautau pānga i te 20°C JO: Whakamātautau pānga i te 0°C | Tau 50: Kaha hua ≥50 ksi (tata ki te 345 MPa) |
| Te Kaha o te Hua | ≥355 MPa (mō te matotoru ≤16mm) | ≥355 MPa (mō te matotoru ≤16mm) | ≥50 ksi (≥345 MPa) |
| Kaha Kume | 470−630 MPa | 470−630 MPa | ≥65 ksi (≥450 MPa) |
| Te whakaroa | ≥22% (mō te matotoru ≤40mm) | ≥22% (mō te matotoru ≤40mm) | ≥18% (i roto i te roa o te ine 200mm) ≥21% (i roto i te roa o te ine 50mm) |
| Te Pakari o te Pānga | Pūngao pānga whakaroa i te 20°C: ≥34 J | JR: Pūngao pānga ≥27 J i te 20°C JO: Pūngao pānga ≥27 J i te 0°C | Kāore i te whakahauhia i roto i te paerewa (ki te kore e tonoa e te kaihoko hei whakaritenga tāpiri, hei tauira, whakamātautau CVN) |
| Te Hanganga Matū (MAX) | C: ≤0.20% Mn: ≤1.60% Si: ≤0.50% P: ≤0.030% S: ≤0.030% | C: ≤0.24% (mō te matotoru ≤40mm) Mn: ≤1.60% Si: ≤0.55% P: ≤0.035% S: ≤0.035% | C: ≤0.23% Mn: 0.50−1.35% (ka rerekē i runga i te matotoru) Si: ≤0.40% P: ≤0.040% S: ≤0.050% |
| Waro ōrite (CEV) | ≤0.45% (Āhua hurihuri wera) | ≤0.45% (mō te matotoru ≤30mm) | Kāore i te tino herea e te CEV, engari he tino whakahaere i ngā huānga whakarewa (V, Nb, Ti, me ētahi atu) |
| Huānga | Ihirangi (%) |
| Waro (C) | ≤ 0.20–0.24 |
| Hiraka (Si) | ≤ 0.55 |
| Manganēhi (Mn) | ≤ 1.60 |
| Whēkau (P) | ≤ 0.035 |
| Whānariki (S) | ≤ 0.035 |
| Nb + V + Ti | ≤ 0.12 |
| Konukōmiuma (Kr) | ≤ 0.30 |
| Nikara (Ni) | ≤ 0.50 |
Kaha Hua (MPa)
| Matotoru (mm) | Te Kaha o te Hua |
| ≤ 16 | ≥ 355 |
| 16 – 40 | ≥ 345 |
| 40 – 63 | ≥ 335 |
| 63 – 80 | ≥ 325 |
| 80 – 100 | ≥ 315 |
| 100 – 150 | ≥ 305 |
| 150 – 200 | ≥ 285 |
Kaha Kume (MPa)
| Awhe Matotoru | Kaha Kume |
| ≤ 80 mm | 470 – 630 |
| 80 – 150 mm | 450 – 600 |
| ≥ 150 mm | 450 – 600 |
Te whakaroa
| Taonga | Uara |
| Te roa (%) | ≥ 21–22 |
Whakamātautau Pānga (Kaupae Q355B)
| Taonga | Whakaritenga |
| Te pāmahana whakamātautau | 20°C |
| Pūngao Pānga | ≥ 27 J |
Ngā Tohu Rino ōrite
| Paerewa | Taumata ōrite |
| EN | S355JR |
| ASTM | A572 Gr.50 |
Kurupae H Hurihia WeraKo te wāhanga whakawhiti he mea hanga ki te tukutuku (te wāhanga poutū o waenganui) me ngā papa (ngā wāhanga whakapae i ia taha). He rite ngā mata o roto me o waho o ngā papa, ā, he āhua pewa te whakawhiti ki te tukutuku. Ko ēnei painga o tēnei hoahoa:
Kaha te kaha o te pikoMā te modulus wāhanga teitei ka nui ake te kaha kawe kawenga o ngā kurupae-I tuku iho me ngā hongere i te taumaha kotahi.
Te pumau o te hangangaKo te whānui ōrite o te flange e whakarato ana i te pakari taha tino pai, e pai ai mō te tautoko i ngā kawenga ahunga-rua.
Te whai huatanga o ngā rauemiKa whakaitihia te raruraru kukū ahotea e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga maitai tuku iho, ka penapenahia te 10% ki te 30% o te maitai.
Ngā tawhā
| Taonga Hangarau | Ngā Whakatakotoranga me ngā Tawhā Taipitopito |
| Paerewa | Paerewa ā-Motu o Haina: GB/T 1591-2018 |
| Te Kaupae Rino | Kurupae H Hanganga Rino Kaha-Teitei Q355B Iti-Koranu |
| Ngā Taurite o te Ao | • Paerewa Pākehā: EN 10025 S355JR • Paerewa Amerikana: ASTM A572 Tau 50 • Paerewa Hapanihi: JIS G3101 SS400 (Whakamahia hei whakapai ake/whakakapinga kaha-teitei i roto i ngā horopaki hanga motuhake) |
| Teitei o te Tukutuku (H) | 100 mm - 900 mm (E wātea ana ngā rahi ritenga) |
| Whānui o te Flange (B) | 50 mm - 400 mm |
| Matotorutanga o te Tukutuku (t1) | 5 mm - 30 mm |
| Matotoru o te Flange (t2) | 7 mm - 50 mm |
| Roa | 6m, 9m, 12m, roa rānei kua whakaritea kia rite ki ngā mahere a te kiritaki |
| Tukanga Hanga | Hurihia Wera, Whakarewahia rānei / Whakarewahia HF (Auautanga-Teitei) |
| Te Maimoatanga Mata | • Rino Tahanga / Mangu • Paninga Ārai-waikura • He mea whakarewa wera (He ātete pai ki te waikura mō ngā mahi o waho) |
| Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini | • Kaha Hua: ≥355 MPa (mō te matotoru ≤16mm) • Kaha Kume: 470−630 MPa • Whakamātautau Pānga: Pūngao pānga roa ≥34 J i te 20°C |
| Tiwhikete Kounga | • MTC (Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira) e tutuki ana i te EN 10204 3.1 kua whakaratohia • Tautoko ana i te whakamātautau me te whakamātautau a te hunga tuatoru i te papaanga mā te SGS, BV (Bureau Veritas), TUV rānei |
| Ngā Taupānga Matua | • Ngā anga hanganga mō ngā whare ahumahi nui me ngā whare teitei • Te hanga piriti me ngā hanganga ā-iwi • Ngā tautoko taputapu, ngā turanga, me ngā anga tautoko keri • Ngā pūnaha whare kua oti te hanga |
- Rino pango tahanga: He pai mō te whakamahinga o roto, me te tukatuka tuarua i te papaanga.
- Paninga tuatahi ārai-waikura: Ka ārai i te waikura me te waikura i te wā e kawe ana i te moana me te rokiroki poto.
- Te whakapūmau wera-toia: Ka waihanga i tētahi paninga konutea matotoru, pakari hoki hei ātete ki te waikura mō te wā roa. Koinei te kōwhiringa tino pai mō ngā taiao takutai moana, haumākū, ahumahi me ngā taiao o waho pakari hei whakaroa i te roa o te mahi hanganga.
1. Teitei o te Mahi Hanganga me te Penapena Utu
Nā te whakawhiti-whakapaipai kua arotauhia, he tino pai te ōwehenga kaha-ki-taumaha o ā mātou kurupae-H. I raro i ngā whakaritenga kawenga ōrite, ka tapahia e rātou te whakamahinga maitai mā te 15%–30% ki te whakataurite ki ngā kurupae-I tuku iho, ka whakaiti i ngā utu rauemi me te taumaha mate hanganga. Mā te anga mama ake ka taea te mahi turanga māmā ake, he iti ake te utu, ka whakaiti i ngā whakapaunga kaupapa katoa.
2. Te Whakatutukitanga Katoa ki ngā Paerewa o te Ao mō te Whakamahinga Māmā
E tutuki ana ā mātou hua i ngā whakaritenga whānuitia o te ao, tae atu ki te EN 10025 (S355JR/S355JO) me te ASTM A572 Gr 50. Ka taea e ngā kaihangarau me ngā kaihoko te whakamahi tika i ēnei hei whakakapinga me te kore e whakarerekē i ngā tuhi hanga, ā, ka karohia ai ngā arotake hangarau tāpiri me ngā utu whakarerekētanga.
3. Te Mahi Pūkaha Pono me te Haumaru Hanganga
Me te kaha whakaputa e eke ana ki te 355 MPa, me te kaha kume mai i te 470 ki te 630 MPa, ka tukuna e ngā kurupae he kaha kawenga, he pakari piko nui, ā, he ātete ru pono. Ka tino whakahaerehia e mātou te nui o te waro me te ōrite o te waro, kia tino pai ai te whakarewa mō te tukatuka wheketere me te hanganga i te papaanga, kia mau tonu ai te pumau me te pakari o ngā hanganga rino mō te wā roa.
4. Ngā Maimoatanga Mata Kanorau mō te Ātete ki te Waikura
He maha ngā whakaotinga mata e tukuna ana e mātou: te maitai pango mata, te paninga ārai-waikura me te whakapūmau wera-tuku. Ka whakaratohia e te paparanga whakapūmau ōrite he parenga pakari ki te waikura, he mea tino pai mō ngā taiao takutai moana, haumākū me ngā taiao ahumahi kino. Ka roa ake te ora o te mahi, ka whakaiti i te auau o ngā mahi tiaki noa.
5. Hokonga Tika a te Wheketere me te Mana Kounga Kaha
I ahu mai mātou i te wheketere, ā, he utu nui whakataetae tā mātou, kāore he utu tāpiri. Kei ia puranga he tiwhikete whakamātautau mira e tutuki ana i te EN 10204 3.1. Ka tautokona katoatia ngā tirotirohanga a te hunga tuatoru e SGS, BV, TUV me ētahi atu umanga whai mana, ā, ka taea te whai i te kounga o te hua.
Ā-iwi me te Arumoni:Ngā pou o ngā whare teitei, ngā taunga rererangi, ngā papa tākaro, me ngā pūnaha whare kua oti te hanga.
Ahumahi me te Whakahaere:Ngā ara rere kerēni mahi taumaha, ngā whare wheketere, me ngā whare putunga kawe taonga whānui.
Hanganga me te Pūngao:Ngā piriti huarahi/rēwena, ngā whata paipa hinu-matū, me ngā papa whakairinga pūngao rā/hau.
Ngā Mīhini Moana me ngā Mīhini Taumaha:Ngā tauranga, ngā taha o runga o ngā papaaho taimoana, ngā anga taputapu keri, me te tautoko turanga.
Tākai Paerewa:Tākai mō te moana hei kaweake. He mea here ki ngā rīpene maitai kaha mō te whakahaere me te kawe haumaru.
Te Tiakitanga o te Mata:He paninga ārai-waikura kua pania ki te hinu, he paninga kua pania ki te parai, he paninga konukōre rānei kua toua-werahia e ai ki ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki.
Tāutuhi:Ngā tohu hua ā-wai e piri ana ki ia paihere, e whakaatu ana i te tau wera, te taumata, te rahi, te roa, me te taumaha.
Ngā Tikanga Tukunga:Ka tukuna i roto i ngā kaipuke papatipu (mō ngā uta nui) ka tākaihia rānei ki roto i ngā ipu 20 putu/40 putu (mō ngā roa pumau tae atu ki te 11.8m).
Te Āhua Tukunga:He mea hurihuri wera, he mea whakarewa rānei, ka taea te whai i ngā mea katoa mā te whakamahi i ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (e tutuki ana te MTC ki te EN 10204 3.1).
Wā Arataki:7-30 rā, Tukunga tere tika mai i te wheketere, me ngā tirotiro tuatoru e SGS, BV, TUV rānei e tautokona ana i mua i te uta.
P1: Ka taea e ngā kurupae-H GB Q355B te whakakapi tika i te EN S355JR me te ASTM A572 Gr.50?
Āe. E rite ana te Q355B ki te S355JR me te ASTM A572 Gr.50 i roto i ngā āhuatanga matua o te miihini, me te kaha whakaputa iti rawa o te 345–355 MPa. He whakakapinga tika tino pai, kāore e hiahiatia he whakarerekētanga ki ngā tātaitanga hanganga, ki ngā tuhi hanga rānei.
P2: He aha te rerekētanga o te pakari o te pānga i waenga i te Q355B me te S355JO?
A: Kei te Q355B he whakamātautau pānga roa 20°C (≥34 J), he rite ki te taumata S355JR Pākehā. Mō ngā kaupapa rohe-matao e hiahia ana ki te paerewa S355JO (ātete pānga 0°C), ka taea e mātou te whakarerekē i ngā wāhanga moroiti-whakarewa i te wā whakaputa kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga pānga 0°C, me ngā tiwhikete whakamātautau mira whaimana kua whakaritea hei manatoko.
Q3: He aha ngā roa paerewa e tukuna ana, ā, he aha te pānga ki te tuku?
A: Ko te roa o ā mātou taonga noa he 6m, 9m me te 12m.
- Utu ipu: Kia uru ki ngā ipu paerewa 20 putu/40 putu (te roa mōrahi o roto 11.8m), ka tūtohu mātou kia iti iho i te 11.8m te roa hei karo i ngā raruraru uta.
- Te tuku kaipuke nui: Kei te wātea ngā roa katoa o te 12m me ngā rahi roa ake mō ngā ota kaupapa nui.
Q4: Kei te wātea ngā maimoatanga mata ārai-waikura mō ngā mahi o waho?
Āe. Ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā kōwhiringa whakaoti mata ngāwari mō ngā āhuatanga kaupapa rerekē:
- Rino pango tahanga: He pai mō te whakamahinga o roto, me te tukatuka tuarua i te papaanga.
- Paninga tuatahi ārai-waikura: Ka ārai i te waikura me te waikura i te wā e kawe ana i te moana me te rokiroki poto.
- Te whakapūmau wera-toia: Ka waihanga i tētahi paninga konutea matotoru, pakari hoki hei ātete ki te waikura mō te wā roa. Koinei te kōwhiringa tino pai mō ngā taiao takutai moana, haumākū, ahumahi me ngā taiao o waho pakari hei whakaroa i te roa o te mahi hanganga.
Q5: Me pēhea te whakamana i te kounga o te hua me te whai i te katoa?
A: Ka tautokona e ngā uta katoa te whai i te whai i ngā mea katoa. Kei ia puranga he tiwhikete whakamātautau mira EN 10204 3.1 mana, e kapi ana i te tau wera katoa, te hanganga matū me ngā raraunga mahi miihini. Ka tautokona hoki e mātou te utaina o ngā tauira tuatoru me ngā tirotiro e ngā umanga whai mana tae atu ki a SGS, BV me TUV.
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