Mena kei te rapu rauemi koengā hongere maitai Cmō tētahi kaupapa hanganga, kua kite pea koe i te maha o ngā rerekētanga rahi. Ehara i te mea ko te hohonu anake te mea e hiahiatia ana te whiriwhiri i te wāhanga tika — ko te whānui o te flange, te matotoru o te tukutuku, me te taumaha mō ia putu ka pā ki te kaha kawenga, te utu hanga, me te taumaha tuku. IRōpū Rino o te Kuini, ka tukuna e mātou te paerewa AISChongere maitai hangangamai i C3 ki C15 ki ngā kaihoko puta noa i Amerika Te Raki, Amerika Latina, me tua atu. Kei roto i tēnei aratohu ngā raraunga ine, ngā āhuatanga taumaha, me ngā āhuatanga hanganga e hiahiatia ana e koe hei whiriwhiri māia.
Tohutoro Tere: Ngā Rahi Hongere C Noa
Anei tētahi whakatairite tere o ngā rahi e tukuna pinepinetia ana e mātou. Koinei ngā wāhanga tino uaua ka kitea e koe i roto i ngā hanganga o ia rā, ngā tautoko taputapu, me ngā hanganga tereira.
| Rahi o te Hongere | Hōhonutanga (in) | Taumaha (lb/ft) |
| C3 × 4.1 | 3 | 4.1 |
| C4 × 5.4 | 4 | 5.4 |
| C6 × 8.2 | 6 | 8.2 |
| C8 × 11.5 | 8 | 11.5 |
| C10 × 15.3 | 10 | 15.3 |
| C12 × 20.7 | 12 | 20.7 |
Mena kei te whakawhāiti tonu koe i ngā kōwhiringa, kei te tūtohi katoa i raro nei ngā rahi paerewa katoa me ngā raraunga ahu katoa.
Tūtohi Ahu o te Hongere C AISC Katoa
E whai ana ngā wāhanga katoa i raro nei i ngā whakaritenga paerewa AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction). Kua tāpirihia e mātou ngā waeine imepera me ngā waeine ine mō ngā kaupapa o te ao.
| Whakatūnga | Hōhonutanga (in) | Whānui o te Flange (inihi) | Matotorutanga o te Tukutuku (inihi) | Taumaha (lb/ft) | Hōhonutanga (mm) | Whānui o te Flange (mm) | Matotoru o te Tukutuku (mm) | Taumaha (kg/m) |
| C3 × 4.1 | 3 | 1.41 | 0.17 | 4.1 | 76.2 | 35.8 | 4.3 | 6.1 |
| C4 × 5.4 | 4 | 1.58 | 0.18 | 5.4 | 101.6 | 40.1 | 4.6 | 8 |
| C5 × 6.7 | 5 | 1.75 | 0.19 | 6.7 | 127 | 44.5 | 4.8 | 10 |
| C6 × 8.2 | 6 | 1.92 | 0.2 | 8.2 | 152.4 | 48.8 | 5.1 | 12.2 |
| C7 × 9.8 | 7 | 2.09 | 0.21 | 9.8 | 177.8 | 53.1 | 5.3 | 14.6 |
| C8 × 11.5 | 8 | 2.26 | 0.22 | 11.5 | 203.2 | 57.4 | 5.6 | 17.1 |
| C9 × 13.4 | 9 | 2.43 | 0.23 | 13.4 | 228.6 | 61.7 | 5.8 | 19.9 |
| C10 × 15.3 | 10 | 2.6 | 0.24 | 15.3 | 254 | 66 | 6.1 | 22.8 |
| C12 × 20.7 | 12 | 2.94 | 0.28 | 20.7 | 304.8 | 74.7 | 7.1 | 30.8 |
| C15 × 33.9 | 15 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 33.9 | 381 | 86.4 | 10.2 | 50.4 |
I te tirohanga tuatahi, ko ngā rahi paerewa o te hongere C e kapi ana i:
Hōhonutanga:3 inihi ki te 15 inihi (76.2 mm ki te 381 mm)
Whānui o te flange:1.41 inihi ki te 3.40 inihi (35.8 mm ki te 86.4 mm)
Taumaha:4.1 pauna/putu ki te 33.9 pauna/putu (6.1 kg/m ki te 50.4 kg/m)
Ngā Rahi o te Hongere C i roto i te Ine
Ahakoa e whakamahia ana e te pūnaha tohu AISC ngā inihi me ngā pauna, he maha o ā mātou kiritaki o te ao — inā koa i Ūropi, i te Waenganui Rawhiti, me te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia — e whakamahi ana i ngā mirimita me ngā kirokaramu mō ia mita. Kei roto kē i te tūtohi i runga ake nei ngā pūnaha e rua, kia taea ai e koe te whakawhiti tika me te kore e mahi i te tātai.
Mena kei te mahi koe i tētahi kaupapa e tohu ana i ngā rahi o ngā hongere ine (pēnei i ngā wāhanga UPN, UPE rānei), he rerekē katoa ngā kōtaha. Whakapā atu ki tā mātou tīma hokohoko, ā, mā mātou koe e āwhina ki te kimi i te mea e tata ana ki a koe, ki te rapu rānei i te wāhanga tika e hiahiatia ana e koe.
Ngā Āhuatanga Hanganga mō ngā Tātaitanga Hangarau
Mō ngā mahi kawe kawenga, ehara i te mea ko ngā ine anake te mea e hiahiatia ana. Kei te ripanga i raro nei ngā āhuatanga matua o te wāhanga e whakamahia ana e ngā kaihangarau mō ngā tātaitanga piko me te kutikuti.
| Whakatūnga | Horahanga (in²) | Ix (in⁴) | Sx (in³) |
| C3 × 4.1 | 1.21 | 1.77 | 1.18 |
| C4 × 5.4 | 1.59 | 4.47 | 2.23 |
| C5 × 6.7 | 1.97 | 8.72 | 3.49 |
| C6 × 8.2 | 2.41 | 15.4 | 5.14 |
| C7 × 9.8 | 2.88 | 25.1 | 7.18 |
| C8 × 11.5 | 3.38 | 38.5 | 9.62 |
| C9 × 13.4 | 3.94 | 56.5 | 12.6 |
| C10 × 15.3 | 4.49 | 79.1 | 15.8 |
| C12 × 20.7 | 6.08 | 147 | 24.5 |
| C15 × 33.9 | 9.97 | 370 | 49.3 |
Te tikanga o ēnei tau:
Rohe (A)— Te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te awaawa. He mea whai hua mō te tatau i te taumaha maitai katoa me te kaha kawenga tuaka.
Ix (Te Wā o te Āhuakore)— He ine i te ātete o te wāhanga ki te piko huri noa i te tuaka kaha (xx). Ko te tikanga o ngā uara teitei ake he pakari ake ngā kurupae.
Sx (Module Wāhanga)— I ahu mai i Ix, koinei te uara ka monohia e koe ki ngā tātai ahotea piko (σ = M/S). Koinei te tawhā matua mō te whakatau i te rahi o ngā kurupae i raro i te kawenga piko.
Mena kei te mahi koe i tētahi pouaka kawenga motuhake, ā, kāore koe i te tino mōhio ko tēhea wāhanga hei tohu, tukua mai ō tataunga — ka taea e tā mātou tīma hangarau te tirotiro anō me te taunaki i te rahi tino whai hua.
Te Mārama ki ngā Ahu o te Hongere C
He āwhina te mōhio ki ngā mahi a ia taha ina whiriwhiri koe i tētahi hongere. Anei tētahi whakamārama poto:
Hōhonutanga (d)— Ko te teitei poutū o te awaawa. Koinei te tau kei roto i te tohu (ko te tikanga o te C6 × 8.2 he tata ki te 6 inihi te hohonu). Ko te hohonu te mea nui rawa atu hei akiaki i te kaha piko — ko ngā awaawa hohonu ake ka taea te whakahaere i te kawenga nui ake puta noa i te whānuitanga kotahi.
Whānui o te Flange (bf)— Te whānui o ngā parirau o runga, o raro hoki. Mā ngā parirau whānui ka nui ake te horahanga o te mata mō ngā hononga, ā, ka pai ake te pumau o te taha.
Matotorutanga Tukutuku (tw)— Te matotoru o te tukutuku poutū. Ko te matotoru o ngā tukutuku he nui ake te kaha kutikuti me te ātete pai ake ki te piko ā-rohe.
He mea tika hoki kia aro atu ki te taumaha mō ia putu (lb/ft) — koinei te huarahi e whakatau tata ai koe i te utu katoa o ngā rauemi me te taumaha tuku mō tō ota.
Tauira: Ko te hohonutanga o te awa C6 × 8.2 he 6 inihi, ā, ko te taumaha he 8.2 pauna mō ia putu. Ko te taumaha o te rākau 20-putu te roa he 164 pauna. Ki te piki ake ki te C12 × 20.7, ka eke taua roa 20-putu ki te 414 pauna.
Ngā Rahi o ngā Hongere C Noa me te Wāhi e Whakamahia ai
Kāore e tau ngā rahi katoa ki ngā mahi katoa. Anei te wehewehenga o te whānuitanga noa mā te tono:
Ngā awa iti (C3 – C5): Ngā mahi māmā
Ngā awhi me ngā whakairinga taputapu
Ngā turanga mīhini me ngā parepare
Anga māmā me te whakapaipai
Ngā hanganga tautoko iti
Koinei ngā wāhanga māmā — he ngāwari ki te tapahi me te hanga, engari kāore i te hangaia mō ngā kawenga taumaha.
Ngā hongere waenga (C6 – C8): Te wāhi pai rawa atu
Ngā anga hanganga me ngā purlins
Ngā tautoko tuanui me te pakitara
Ngā anga tinana wakatō me te taraka
Ngā papa taputapu me ngā arawhata
Koinei te wāhi e taka ai te nuinga o ā mātou ota. He pai te taurite o ngā hongere C6 me C8 i waenga i te kaha me te taumaha, ā, he maha ngā whakamahinga mō ngā kaupapa arumoni me ngā kaupapa ahumahi.
Ngā awa nui (C10 – C15): He taumaha te mahi hanganga
Ngā pou hanga me ngā anga matua
Ngā ara hikoi ahumahi me ngā mezzanine
Ngā tautoko mīhini taumaha
Te whakapakari hanganga me te tautoko
Ina piki te kawenga, ka hohonu ake te ruku. Ka taea e ngā awa C12 me C15 te whakahaere i ngā kawenga piko nui, ā, he mea noa i roto i ngā kaupapa hanga ahumahi me ngā kaupapa hanganga.
Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te rahi tika o te hongere C
Kāore he whakautu kotahi e tika ana mō te katoa, engari koinei ngā āhuatanga e ārahi ana i te whakatau:
1. Ngā whakaritenga kawenga— Me taumaha ake ngā wāhanga mō ngā kawenga taumaha. Tīmata ki ō tatau piko me te kutikuti, kātahi ka whiriwhiria he wāhanga he nui te matotoru o te Sx me te tukutuku.
2. Te roa o te whānuitanga— Me hohonu ake ngā awaawa mō ngā whānui roa. Mena e 20 putu te whānui o tō kurupae, kāore pea e pai te C6 — me C10, nui ake rānei te rahi.
3. Ngā taipitopito hononga— Mā ngā flange whānui ka māmā ake te whakapiri me te whakarewa. Ki te hono koe i ngā mema maha, whakaarohia te whānui o te flange me te hohonu.
4. Tahua me te taumaha— He nui ake te utu mō ia putu mō ngā wāhanga taumaha, ā, ka nui ake hoki te utu tuku. I ētahi wā, mā te awa hohonu ake, māmā ake ka whiwhi koe i te kaha e hiahiatia ana e koe, engari he iti ake te taumaha katoa i te awa poto ake, taumaha ake.
Mena kei te mahi koe mai i tētahi huinga tuhi, tukuna mai, ā, mā mātou e whakahua ngā rahi e hiahiatia ana e koe. Mena kei roto tonu koe i te wāhanga hoahoa, ka taea e tā mātou tīma te āwhina i a koe ki te whakarite uara mō te kōwhiringa wāhanga.
Ngā Pātai Auau
1. He aha ngā rahi o ngā hongere maitai C paerewa?
Paerewa AISCNgā hongere Ckei waenganui i te C3 (3 inihi te hohonu) ki te C15 (15 inihi te hohonu), me te taumaha mō ia putu e piki haere ana i a koe e piki haere ana te rahi.
2. Me pēhea te pānui i te rahi o te hongere C pērā i te C8 × 11.5?
Ko te tau tuatahi ko te hohonutanga ingoa i roto i ngā inihi, ā, ko te tuarua ko te taumaha mō ia putu i roto i ngā pauna. Nō reira, ko te tikanga o te C8 × 11.5 he awaawa hohonu 8-inihi e 11.5 pauna/putu te taumaha.
3. E hia te taumaha o te hongere C mō ia putu?
Kei te rahi te taumaha. Mō te taha māmā, e 4.1 pauna/putu te taumaha o te C3. Mō te taha taumaha, e 33.9 pauna/putu te taumaha o te C15. Kei te tūtohi katoa i runga ake nei te taumaha mō ia rahi paerewa.
4. He aha ngā inenga o te hongere C i roto i ngā inihi?
Ko ngā hongere C paerewa o Amerika e tohua ana i roto i ngā inihi — ko te hohonu, te whānui o te flange, me te matotoru o te tukutuku e inehia ana i roto i ngā inihi, ko te taumaha e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā pauna ia putu.
5. Kei te tuku koe i ngā hongere C i roto i ngā rahi ine?
Ko te nuinga o ā mātou hongere C paerewa AISC (emperial), engari he maha ā mātou tuku whakawhiti ine, ā, ka taea e mātou te kimi i ngā wāhanga hongere ine (UPN, UPE, me ētahi atu) mō ngā kaupapa o te ao. Mēnā e hiahia ana koe, whakamōhio mai ki a mātou, ā, mā mātou e whakarite he utu.
Kua rite koe ki te kimi i ngā hongere C mō tō kaupapa?
Rōpū Rino o te Kuiningā taongaNgā hongere maitai C paerewa-AISCi ngā rahi noa katoa, me te utu tika mai i te mira me te tuku ki te ao ki neke atu i te 80 whenua. Ahakoa he paihere kotahi, he ipu kī tonu rānei tāu e hiahia ana, ka whiwhi mātou i te rauemi tika mōu i te utu whakataetae.
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Wā tuku: 10-Ākuhata-2026