Whare Anga Rino Ahumahi / Arumoni Hanganga Rino Māmā Pirau Whare Poraka
maitai hangangaHe momo maitai motuhake tēnei e hangaia ana kia rite ki ngā rahi, ngā āhua, me ngā hanganga matū motuhake hei whakamahi i roto i ngā hanganga whare. I runga i ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa, ka taea te wātea mai i ngā momo āhua, rahi, me ngā taumata o te maitai hanganga. Ko ētahi he mea huri wera, he mea huri matao rānei, ko ētahi he mea whakarewa mai i ngā pereti papatahi, piko rānei. Ko ngā kōtaha maitai hanganga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā kurupae-I, te maitai wāhanga tuwhera, te maitai awa, te maitai koki, me ngā pereti.
Ngā Paerewa o te Ao mōHanganga Anga maitai
GB 50017 (Haina):Te paerewa ā-motu o Haina, e whakaatu ana i ngā kawenga hoahoa, te hanganga taipitopito, te pakari, me ngā whakaritenga haumaru.
AISC (USA):He aratohu mana kua whakamanahia e Amerika Te Raki mō ngā kawenga, te hoahoa hanganga, me ngā hononga.
BS 5950 (UK):I runga i te whakaaro whānui ki te haumaru, te ōhanga, me te whai huatanga o te hanganga.
EN 1993 – Waehere Pākehā 3 (EU):Te paerewa Pākehā mō te hoahoa whakauru o ngā hanganga maitai.
| Paerewa | Paerewa ā-Motu | Paerewa Amerika | Paerewa Pākehā | |
| Kupu Whakataki | Ko ngā kaupapa here ā-motu (ngā paerewa o te UK) te kaupapa matua, me ngā ture ā-umanga e tautokona ana, e kapi ana i te tukanga katoa tae atu ki te hoahoa, te hanga me te whakaae. | Mā te arotahi ki ngā paerewa rauemi ASTM me ngā whakaritenga hoahoa AISC, ka arotahi mātou ki te whakakotahi i te tiwhikete motuhake o te mākete me ngā paerewa ahumahi. | Ngā paerewa EN (ngā paerewa Pākehā) | |
| Ngā Paerewa Matua | Ngā paerewa hoahoa | GB 50017-2017 | AISC（AISC 360-16） | EN 1993 |
| Ngā paerewa rauemi | GB/T 700-2006, GB/T 1591-2018 | ASTM International | EN 10025 raupapa i whakawhanakehia e CEN | |
| Ngā paerewa hanga me te whakaae | GB 50205-2020 | AWS D1.1 | Raupapa EN 1011 | |
| Ngā paerewa motuhake mō te ahumahi | Hei tauira: JT/T 722-2023 i roto i te piriti, JGJ 99-2015 i roto i te whare | |||
| Ngā Tiwhikete e Hiahiatia ana | Tohu mātauranga kirimana ngaio hangarau hanganga maitai (taumata motuhake, akomanga tuatahi, akomanga tuarua, akomanga tuatoru) | Tiwhikete AISC | Tohu CE, | |
| Tiwhikete DIN Tiamana, | ||||
| Tiwhikete CARES o te UK | ||||
| Tiwhikete Rōpū Whakarōpū Haina (CCS), tiwhikete tohu hinonga hanga hanganga maitai. | Tiwhikete FRA | |||
| Ngā pūrongo whakamātautau mō ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o ngā rauemi, te kounga o te whakarewa, me ētahi atu, i whakaputaina e tētahi rōpū whakamātautau tuatoru. | ASME | |||
Kua whakahuatia ngā wāhanga whakawhiti paerewa i roto i ngā paerewa huri noa i te ao; hei tāpiritanga, kei reira anō ngā wāhanga whakawhiti ritenga.
Ngā hihi-H / ngā hihi-I(e tohuhia ana e te reta matua "I" i te UK: tae atu ki ngā kurupae whānui UB me ngā pou whānui UC; he maha ngā momo o Ūropi pērā i te IPE, HE, HL, HD; kei te US ngā WF (W-beams), e mōhiotia ana ko ngā H-beams me te maha atu o ngā momo)
Ngā hihi-Z(ngā haurua-rere whakamuri).
HSS(ngā kōtaha hanganga tuwhera, e mōhiotia ana ko te SHS (ngā kōtaha hanganga tuwhera), pērā i te tapawhā, te tapawhā hāngai, te porowhita (ngā ngongo), me ngā wāhanga porowhita)
Koki maitai(Wāhanga āhua-L)
maitai hongere, he wāhanga āhua-C, he wāhanga āhua-"C" rānei
Ngā kurupae-T(Wāhanga āhua-T)
Ngā pae whakapakari, he tapawhā rite te wāhanga engari kāore i te rawaka te matotoru hei whakarōpūtanga hei pereti.
He porowhita, he tapawhā rānei ngā wāhanga o ngā kaimahi, he nui ake te roa i tō rātou whānui.
Ngā Pepa Rinongā rau whakarewa angiangi rānei he matotoru neke atu i te 6 mm, 1/4 inihi rānei.
Ko ngā hanganga rino e pā ana ki ngā hanganga e whakamahi ana i te rino hei wāhanga matua mō te pikaunga. Nā te kaha nui, te māmā, te tere o te hanganga, me te pai o te mahi ru, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā hanganga rino i roto i ngā mara maha. Ko ngā āhuatanga me ngā wāhi matua o ā rātou whakamahinga koia ēnei:
Te Hanga Whare
1. Ngā Whare Ahumahi - Ngā Momo Wheketere: hei tauira, ngā wheketere miihini, whakarewa, me ngā wheketere matū
2. Whare Putunga: Ngā pokapū whakahaere me ngā pokapū putunga nui (tae atu ki ngā whare putunga teitei me ngā whare putunga mekameka makariri);
3. Ngā Whare Hiranga - Ngā Whare Pakihi me ngā Whare Noho: Ko te anga matua o ngā whare tino teitei (hei tauira, ngā whare teitei);
Ngā Whare Tūmatanui: hei tauira, ngā papa tākaro, ngā whare whakaaturanga, ngā whare tapere, me ngā taunga rererangi.
4. Ngā Whare Noho: Ngā whare noho he mea hanga ki te rino.
Ngā Hanganga Waka
1. Te Hangarau Piriti - Ngā Piriti Whānui - Ngā Piriti Rerewē/Huarahi Matua
2. Te Waka Tereina me ngā Teihana - Ngā Teihana Tereina Tere, Ngā Whare Tatari o te Teihana Metro - Ngā Waka Waka Tereina
Hangarau me ngā Taputapu Motuhake
1. Hangarau Moana - Ngā Papaaho o Waho Moana: Te hanganga matua o ngā papaaho keri hinu (te koti me te papaaho);
Hanga kaipuke
2. Ngā Mīhini Hiki me te Hanga - Ngā Kērani - Ngā Waka Motuhake
3. Ngā Taputapu me ngā Ipu Nui - Ngā Tāke Rokiroki Ahumahi - Ngā Anga Taputapu Mīhini
Ētahi atu horopaki tono motuhake
1. Ngā Whare Rangitahi: Ngā hanganga whare rangitahi i ngā wāhi aituā, i ngā whare whakaaturanga, me ētahi atu.
2. Tautoko kōhao karāhe mō ngā toa hokohoko nui
3. Hangarau Pūngao: Ngā pourewa tāpoi hau (he mea hanga ki ngā pereti maitai hurihuri kaha-teitei) me ngā panera rā.
Tukanga Tapahi
1. Te Whakaritenga Tuatahi
Tirotiro Rauemi
Whakamārama Tuhituhi
2. Te Kōwhiri i te Tikanga Tapahi e Tika ana
Te Tapahi MuraHe pai mō te maitai ngawari matotoru me te maitai iti-koranu, he mea tino pai mō te miihini taratara.
Te Tapahi i te Rere WaiHe pai mō ngā momo rauemi, inā koa te maitai tairongo-wera, ngā wāhanga tino tika, āhua motuhake rānei.
Te Tukatuka Whakarewa
Ka whakamahia e tēnei tukanga te wera, te pēhanga, ngā mea e rua rānei (i ētahi wā me ngā rauemi whakakī) hei whakatutuki i te hononga ngota i ngā hononga o ngā wāhanga hanganga maitai, ā, ka hangaia he hanganga totoka, he hanganga whakauru. He tukanga matua tēnei mō te hono i ngā wāhanga i roto i te hanga hanganga maitai, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā whare, i ngā piriti, i ngā mīhini, i ngā kaipuke, me ētahi atu mara, e whakatau tika ana i te kaha, te pumau, me te haumaru o ngā hanganga maitai.
I runga anō i ngā tuhi hanga, i te pūrongo tohu tikanga whakarewa rānei (PQR), tautuhia mārama te momo hononga whakarewa, ngā rahi awaawa, ngā rahi whakarewa, te tūranga whakarewa, me te taumata kounga.
Te Tukatuka Pakaru
Ko tēnei tukanga he hanga ā-ringa, ā-tinana rānei i ngā kōhao i roto i ngā wāhanga hanganga maitai e tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga hoahoa. Ko te nuinga o ēnei kōhao ka whakamahia hei hono i ngā wāhanga, hei arahi i ngā paipa, me te tāuta i ngā taputapu. He tukanga nui tēnei i roto i te hanga hanganga maitai hei whakarite i te tika o te huihuinga wāhanga me te kaha o te hononga.
I runga i ngā tuhi hoahoa, tohua te wāhi o te kōhao (ngā ine taunga), te maha, te whānui, te taumata tika (hei tauira, te ātete ±1mm mō ngā kōhao pūtu paerewa, te ātete ±0.5mm mō ngā kōhao pūtu kaha-teitei), me te momo kōhao (porowhita, porowhita, me ētahi atu). Whakamahia he taputapu tohu (pēnei i te rīpene ine maitai, te pene matihiko, te tapawhā, te wero tauira rānei) hei tohu i ngā wāhi kōhao i runga i te mata o te wāhanga. Whakamahia he wero tauira hei waihanga i ngā pūwāhi kimi mō ngā kōhao nui hei whakarite i ngā wāhi keri tika.
He whānuitanga o ngā tukanga maimoatanga mata e wātea ana mōwhare hanganga maitai, e whakarei ake ana i tō rātou ātete ki te waikura me te waikura, tae atu ki tō rātou ātaahua.
Te whakapūmauhe kōwhiringa matarohia nā tōna ātete pai ki te waikura.
Paninga paurahe kanapa ngā tae, he kaha hoki te ātete ki te huarere.
Paninga epoxyhe tino ātete ki te waikura, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā taiao uaua.
Paninga whai rawa i te konutea epoxye whakarato ana i te tiaki hiko-matū whai hua me te nui o te konutea.
Te peitae tuku ana i te ngāwari me te whai hua, e tutuki ai ngā hiahia whakapaipai kanorau.
Paninga hinu pangohe kōwhiringa ōhanga mō ngā tono ārai waikura māmā.
He tohunga hanga whare, he tohunga hangarau hoki ā mātou kaimahi matua, he auaha ā rātou ariā hoahoa, he whānui hoki ō rātou wheako ki te kaupapa, ā, he tino māramatanga ki ngā mahi hangarau o ngā hanganga rino me ngā paerewa ahumahi e pā ana.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā pūmanawa hoahoa ngaio pērā iAutoCAD, Ngā Hanganga o Tekla, ka whakawhanakehia e mātou he pūnaha hoahoa tirohanga katoa, mai i ngā tauira 3D ki ngā tuhi hangarau 2D, e whakaata ana i ngā ine o ngā wāhanga, ngā whirihoranga hononga me te whakaritenga ā-wāhi. Ka whakaratohia e mātou he huinga ratonga katoa i te wā o te whanaketanga kaupapa - mai i te hoahoa kauwhata tuatahi tae noa ki ngā tuhi hanganga taipitopito, mai i te arotau hononga uaua ki te manatoko hanganga whānui. Ka whakahaerehia e mātou ngā āhuatanga matua tae noa ki te mirimita, ā, ka pupuri i te taurite tika i waenga i te hangarau pakari me te whaihua hanga.
He arotahi tonu tā mātou ki te kiritaki. I runga i te whakataurite i te kaupapa whānui me te whakatauira mahi mīhini, ka whakaratohia he otinga hoahoa kua whakaritea, he tino whai hua hoki mō ngā momo horopaki tono (wāhi ahumahi, whare pakihi, piriti me ngā rori papa, me ētahi atu). Ka whakaitihia e mātou te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi, ka whakahaeretia te tukanga hanga, ā, ka whakarite kia haumaru te whare. Kei te whakahaerehia ā mātou ratonga mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga, mai i te tuku tuhi ki te whakamōhiotanga hangarau i te wāhi. He ngaio mātou ki te whakahaere i ia kaupapa hanganga rino kia whai hua, ka homai he ingoa pai ki a mātou, ā, ka waiho mātou hei hoa hoahoa pono mōu.
Me whakatau te tikanga tākai mō ngā hanganga rino i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te momo wāhanga, te rahi, te tawhiti kawe, te taiao rokiroki, me te tiakitanga e hiahiatia ana. Ko te whāinga he ārai i te rerekētanga, te waikura, me te kino i te wā e kawe ana, e penapena ana hoki.
Ko ngā tikanga tākai hanganga maitai noa ko:
1. Tākai Tahanga (Kāore i Tākaihia)
E tika ana mō: Ngā wāhanga maitai nunui, taumaha hoki (pērā i ngā pou maitai, ngā kurupae, me ngā poupou nunui).
Ngā Āhuatanga: Kāore e hiahiatia he rauemi tākai tāpiri, e āhei ai te uta me te tango tika mā roto i ngā taputapu hiki. Heoi, me mau tika ngā wāhanga i te wā e kawe ana kia kore ai e ru, e tukinga rānei.
Parenga Tāpiri: Ka taea te tiaki i ngā hononga wāhanga (pēnei i ngā kōhao pūtu me ngā mata flange) mā te uhi rangitahi, te takai kirihou rānei hei ārai i te urunga me te kino.
2. Tākai Pōkai
E tika ana mō: Ngā wāhanga maitai iti ki te rahi waenga, he rite te āhua (pērā i te maitai koki, te maitai awa, ngā paipa maitai, me ngā pereti hono iti) i roto i ngā rahinga nui.
Kia mōhio: Me piri tika te paihere. Mēnā he tino ngāwari te paihere, ka taea e te paihere te neke i te wāhanga, engari mēnā he tino piri rawa, ka taea e te paihere te whakarerekē i te āhua.
3. Pouaka Rākau/Takai Anga Rākau
Ngā Horopaki e Pā Ana: Ngā wāhanga maitai iti tino tika (pēnei i ngā wāhanga maitai i roto i ngā wāhanga mīhini me ngā hononga tino tika), ngā wāhanga pakarukaru (pēnei i ngā wāhanga iti pēnei i ngā pūtu me ngā nati), ngā wāhanga maitai rānei e hiahia ana kia kawe tawhiti, kia kaweake rānei.
Ngā Painga: He tino pai te tiakitanga, he ārai whai hua i ngā awe o te taiao, he pai mō te kawe me te rokiroki i tawhiti i ngā taiao uaua.
4. Tākai Tiaki Motuhake
Hei Tiaki i te Waikura: Mō ngā wāhanga maitai ka rongoatia mō te wā roa, ka haria rānei ki ngā taiao makuku, hei tāpiritanga ki ngā tikanga tākai o runga ake nei, me whai maimoatanga ārai-waikura anō hoki.
Hei Tiaki i te Pirau Hē: Mō ngā wāhanga maitai angiangi, angiangi te pakitara (pērā i ngā kurupae maitai angiangi me ngā mema maitai angiangi te pakitara), me tāpiri atu ngā hanganga tautoko (pērā i ngā whāriki rakau, maitai rānei) i te wā e takai ana hei ārai i te piko me te pirau hē nā te kore taurite o ngā kawenga i te wā e kawe ana, e penapena ana hoki.
Te kawe waka:Tukunga Tere (Tukunga Tauira), Rererangi, Reriwe, Whenua, Tereina, Tukunga Moana (FCL, LCL rānei, Paparahi rānei)
Mai i te wā e tukuna ai tō hua, ka whakaratohia e tā mātou tīma ngaio he tautoko whānui puta noa i te tukanga tāutanga, me te tuku āwhina tino tika. Ahakoa te arotau i ngā mahere tāutanga i te papaanga, te whakarato aratohu hangarau mō ngā whakatutukitanga matua, te mahi tahi rānei me te tīma hanga, ka whai mātou kia whai hua, kia tika hoki te tukanga tāutanga, kia mau ai te pumau me te haumaru o tō hanganga maitai.
I te wā o te ratonga muri-hoko o te tukanga hangahanga, ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā taunakitanga tiaki e hāngai ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te hua, ā, ka whakautua hoki ngā pātai e pā ana ki te tiaki rauemi me te pakari o te hanganga.
Mena ka tūtaki koe ki tētahi raruraru e pā ana ki te hua i a koe e whakamahi ana, ka tere te whakautu a tā mātou tīma whai muri i te hoko, me te whakarato i te tohungatanga hangarau ngaio me te waiaro kawenga ki te whakatau i aua raruraru.
Q: He kaihanga UA?
Āe, he kaihanga ngongo maitai porowhita mātou e tū ana i te tāone o Tianjin, Haina
Q: Ka taea e au te tono whakamātautau i ētahi tana anake?
A: Ae ra. Ka taea e mātou te tuku utanga māu mā te ratonga LCL. (He iti ake te kawenga ipu)
Q: Ki te kore he tauira?
A: Tauira kore utu, engari ko te kaihoko te utu mō te utanga.
Q: He kaiwhakarato koura koe, ā, he taurangi hokohoko koe?
A: 13 tau mātou e whakarato ana i te koura, ā, e whakaae ana mātou ki te whakamana hokohoko.
