Whakapā mai mō ētahi atu mōhiohio rahi
Paipa API 5L X52/X60/X65/X70/X80 Smls Ngā Ngongo Rino Kore-Tuitui
| Tawhā | Paipa Rino API 5LNgā Taipitopito |
| Ngā māka | API 5L Tau B, X42, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
| Taumata Whakatakotoranga | PSL 1 / PSL 2 |
| Diameter o Waho (OD) | Paerewa: 1/2" – 24"; Ritenga tae atu ki te 40" |
| Matotoru o te Pakitara | SCH 10, 20, 40, STD, 80, XS, 160 |
| Tukanga Hanga | Tuitui kore, ERW, LSAW, DSAW, SSAW, HSAW |
| Momo Mutunga Ngongo | Pito Whakapiko / Pito Maeneene |
| Roa Paerewa | SRL / DRL; 20 FT (6m) / 40 FT (12m); Kei te wātea ngā roa ritenga |
| Taupoki Tiaki | Kirihou, rino rānei |
| Paninga Mata | Taiao, Whakakanapahia, Peita Mangu, FBE, 3PE/3LPE, 3PP, CWC, CRA Kua whakakikoruatia/Kua whakarārangihia |
Paipa Rino API 5L Taumata BTūtohi Rahi
| Diameter o Waho (OD) | Matotoru o te Pakitara (WT) | Rahi Paipa Ingoa (NPS) | Roa | Kei te wātea te karaehe maitai | Momo |
| 21.3 mm (0.84 inihi) | 2.77 – 3.73 mm | ½ inihi | 5.8 mita / 6 mita / 12 mita | Tau B – X56 | Kore-tūhono / ERW |
| 33.4 mm (1.315 inihi) | 2.77 – 4.55 mm | 1 inihi | 5.8 mita / 6 mita / 12 mita | Tau B – X56 | Kore-tūhono / ERW |
| 60.3 mm (2.375 inihi) | 3.91 – 7.11 mm | 2 inihi | 5.8 mita / 6 mita / 12 mita | Tau B – X60 | Kore-tūhono / ERW |
| 88.9 mm (3.5 inihi) | 4.78 – 9.27 mm | 3 inihi | 5.8 mita / 6 mita / 12 mita | Tau B – X60 | Kore-tūhono / ERW |
| 114.3 mm (4.5 inihi) | 5.21 – 11.13 mm | 4 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | Tau B – X65 | Kore-tuitui / ERW / SAW |
| 168.3 mm (6.625 inihi) | 5.56 – 14.27 mm | 6 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | Tau B – X70 | Kore-tuitui / ERW / SAW |
| 219.1 mm (8.625 inihi) | 6.35 – 15.09 mm | 8 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X42 – X70 | ERW / SAW |
| 273.1 mm (10.75 inihi) | 6.35 – 19.05 mm | 10 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X42 – X70 | KĪHI |
| 323.9 mm (12.75 inihi) | 6.35 – 19.05 mm | 12 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X52 – X80 | KĪHI |
| 406.4 mm (16 inihi) | 7.92 – 22.23 mm | 16 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X56 – X80 | KĪHI |
| 508.0 mm (20 inihi) | 7.92 – 25.4 mm | 20 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X60 – X80 | KĪHI |
| 610.0 mm (24 inihi) | 9.53 – 25.4 mm | 24 inihi | 6 mita / 12 mita / 18 mita | X60 – X80 | KĪHI |
Pāwhiritia te pātene kei te taha matau
PSL 1 (Taumata Whakatakotoranga Hua 1):Mō ngā paipa i hangaia me te taumata kounga paerewa taketake.
PSL 2 (Taumata Whakatakotoranga Hua 2):He whakatakotoranga tino pakari ake me ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha teitei ake, te matū me te NDT e tino whakahaeretia ana.
| Taonga | PSL1 | PSL2 | Ngā Tuhipoka Matua |
| Te Whakahaere Hanganga Matū | Ngā rohenga paerewa mō C, Mn, P, S | Ngā rohe poke pakari ake (P/S iti iho); ngā tāpiringa microalloy kua whakahaeretia | Kua arotauhia te PSL2 mō ngā taiao ratonga pāmahana iti me te waikura |
| Kaha Hua (MPa) | E hangai ana ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō te māka | He rite ki te PSL1; he iti te teitei mō ētahi maitai kounga teitei | He rite tonu te mahi ā-pūkaha matua puta noa i ngā taumata e rua |
| Kaha Kume (MPa) | E hangai ana ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō te māka | He rite ki te PSL1 | Kāore he rerekētanga mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga kume |
| Te roa (%) | E hangai ana ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō te māka | He rite ki te PSL1 | He tino ōrite ngā whakaritenga ngāwari |
| Pānga Pāmahana-Iti (Charpy V-Notch) | Kōwhiringa (e ai ki ngā hiahia o te tono) | Me whakamātau; i te -20°C / -50°C (paerewa) | Whakarei ake i te pakari o te pāmahana iti mō ngā tono nui, makariri hoki |
| Āheitanga whakarewa | E tutuki ana i te paerewa o te ahumahi te āheinga whakarewa | Ngā mana whakahaere pakari ake; whakamātautau mahi whakarewa me whakahau | Ka whakarite i te pai o te hanganga whakarewa mō ngā mahi paipa taumaha-teitei |
| Manawanui Ahu | Ngā tūponotanga ā-ahu paerewa | Ngā ātete ā-ahu pakari ake | He tino tika te taunga mō ngā whakaurunga paipa tino tika |
| Te Whakahaere Hapa / NDT | Tirotiro paerewa; UT/RT (whiringa) | Whakamātautau UT/RT/MPI e hiahiatia ana | Ka whakamanahia te haumaru o ngā paipa me te pono mō te wā roa |
| Taiao Taupānga | Te kawe paipa whānui | Ngā paipa ratonga pēhanga teitei, pāmahana iti, me te waikura | He pai ake mō ngā kaupapa hanganga tino haumaru, tino hira |
| Utu | He iti ake te utu | He iti ake te teitei | E whakaata ana i ngā whakaritenga hanga me te tirotiro kounga tino pakari ake |
| Ngongo Rino API 5LTau | Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini Matua (Kaha Putanga) | Ngā Tono ā-Rohe |
| Paipa Rino API 5L Taumata B | ≥245 MPa | Ngā paipa hau māori o Amerika Te Raki e pēhanga iti ana; Ngā paipa kohikohi hinu iti kei Amerika Waenganui |
| Paipa Rino API 5L X42/X46 | >290/317 MPa | Ngā paipa whakamakuku ahuwhenua o te Waenganui o Amerika; Ngā whatunga tohatoha pūngao o Amerika ki te Tonga i ngā tāone nui |
| Paipa Rino API 5L X52 (Matua) | >359 MPa | Ngā paipa hinu kirikiri o Texas; Ngā raina kohikohi hinu me te hau o uta o Brazil; Ngā raina hau maori whakawhiti-rohe o Panama |
| Paipa Rino API 5L X60/X65 | >414/448 MPa | Ngā paipa whakaputa onepu hinu o Kanata; ngā paipa pēhanga waenga me te pēhanga teitei o te Moana-a-Kiwa o Mehiko |
| Paipa Rino API 5L X70/X80 | >483/552 MPa | Ngā paipa hinu mata roa o Amerika; ngā paipa papa hinu me te hau wai hohonu o Parahi |
Tirotiro Rauemi Mata– Kōwhiria, ka tirotirohia hoki ngā pereki maitai, ngā koiri rānei o te kounga pai.
Te hanga– Hurihia, werohia rānei kia rite ki te āhua o te paipa (Tuitui kore / ERW / SAW).
Whakarewa–Ka hangaia ngā hononga i roto i ngā paipa mā te whakarewa ātete hiko, mā te whakarewa pewa ruku rānei.
Te Maimoatanga Wera– Whakapai ake i te kaha me te pakari mā te whakamahana tika.
Te Rahi me te Whakatikatika– Whakarerekētia te diameter o te ngongo, ā, whakaūtia kei te tika te rahi.
Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro (NDT)– Tirohia mēnā he hapa o roto, o te mata hoki.
Whakamātautau Waipūmau– Whakamātauria te kaha me ngā turuturu o ia paipa.
Paninga Mata– Tāpirihia he paparanga ārai waikura (he wanihi pango, he FBE, he 3LPE, me ētahi atu).
Te Tohu me te Tirotiro– Tohua ngā whakaritenga, ā, mahia ngā tirotiro kounga whakamutunga.
Tākai me te Tukunga– Tākai, whakarārangihia, ka tukuna me ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira.
Tari Ratonga ā-Rohe e kōrero Pāniora anaE whakarato ana tā mātou apiti ā-rohe i ngā ratonga reo Pāniora, e tuku ana i tētahi wheako tino pai, ā, e whakarite ana i te tukanga kawemai pai rawa atu.
Taonga PonoKei a mātou ngā taonga e ranea ana hei whakatutuki wawe i ō hiahia ota.
Tākai HaumaruKa takai pūmautia ngā paipa, ka hiritia ki ngā paparanga maha o te takai mirumiru hei ārai i te rerekētanga me te pakaru i te wā e kawe ana, kia mau ai te haumaru.
Tukunga Tere me te Whai HuaTukunga ki tāwāhi hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tuku o tō kaupapa.
Pūtāhui Tākai
Tō mātouNgā paipa maitai API 5Lkua whakapūtātia ki te pāreti (ngā pāreti rakau kua whakapūtātia ki te IPPC, koinei te paerewa mō Amerika Waenganui, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga hauora katoa mō te kaweake), kātahi ka takaihia ki roto i ngā paparanga kirihou e ono. E toru ngā paparanga o ngā kiriuhi ārai wai e takaihia ana ki tō paipa, nā te nui o te haumākū i roto i te ngahere ua pārūrū, ā, nā tēnei i hangaia kia kore ai e uru te makuku. Kua tāutahia he haki tiaki kirihou kaha-teitei me te mono ki ngā pito e rua o te paipa hei ārai i te puehu, i ngā poke me ngā mea ke atu e uru ana i te wā e kawe ana, e penapena ana hoki i te papaanga, kia noho ma ai te hua, kia kore ai e pakaru. E 2-3 tana te taumaha o ia wāhanga paipa, he rahi me te taumaha pai mō ngā kerēne iti e kitea ana i ngā papaanga mahi o Amerika Waenganui, mā tēnei ka taea te whakahaere haumaru ake me te hanga pai ake.
Ngā Whakatakotoranga Whakaritea
Ngā Otinga Roa Whakarite
Ahu Paerewa ISO: Ko te roa paerewa ko te 12 mita, i runga i te arotautanga mō te tuku ipu me ngā mahi kawe waka o te ao e tutuki ai te whakaritenga mō te kawe waka o te ao, he utu whai hua, he whai hua hoki.
Ngā Kōwhiringa Motuhake mō te Roa Poto: Kei a mātou ngā paipa poto 8' me te 10' i hangaia mō ngā tono pārūrū i Guatemala me Honduras–he tino pai mō te whakamahi i ngā wāhi e onge ana te kawe waka mā runga whenua.
Urutau Ngāwari: Ka tukuna e mātou te āheinga katoa ki te whakarite kia tutuki ai ō hiahia whakahaere me ō hiahia hanga, kia tino ōrite ai, kia pai ai te haere o tō kaupapa.
Ratonga Tuhinga Kotahi-Mū
Tautoko Whakatutukitanga e Arotahi ana ki Amerika Waenganui
Ka tukuna atu e mātou he huinga katoa o ngā tuhinga whakamana kaweake me ngā rauemi e whai ake nei, hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakatutuki i te whakaaetanga ritenga maeneene me te whakahaere kaupapa i te wā tika mō ō kiritaki o Amerika Waenganui.
Tiwhikete Taketake (Puka B)
Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Rauemi (MTC)
Pūrongo Tirotiro a SGS
Rārangi Tākai Taipitopito
Nama Tauhokohoko
Ehara i te mea ko ngā tuhinga katoa anake, engari ka tukuna anō e mātou i roto i ngā hāora 24 mō ngā tuhinga katoa kua hē, kua ngaro rānei i a koe.
Mā te āwhina a mātou, e kore rawa āu kaupapa paipa e mutu nā te mea he roa ngā mahi pepa kāore i te tumanakohia.
Ngā Whakaritenga Kawe Ngaio
Kia tukuna te uta, ka tukuna ngā taonga ki tētahi kaikawe kore here mā te momo kawe whenua me te momo kawe moana, ā, ka haumaru, ka pono hoki te kawe. Ko ngā huarahi matua me te wā e tae mai ai:
Haina → Koroni, Panama: ~30 rā
Haina → Manzanillo, Mehiko: Tata ki te 28 ngā rā
Haina → Limon, Costa Rica: ~35 rā
Mēnā he kaupapa e hiahiatia ana, ka tukuna e mātou he ratonga kawe waka poto mai i ngā tauranga ki ngā mara hinu, ki ngā papa mahi rānei. Hei tauira, me te hoa mahi whakahaere waka ā-rohe i Panama TMM, ka whakaratohia e mātou he otinga whakahaere waka mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga, me te tuku rauemi kaupapa i te wā tika me te haumaru.
1. He aha te API 5L?
Ngā whakaritenga mō ngā paipa rino waro e whakamahia ana i roto i te hinu, te hau, te wai me ngā paipa ahumahi.
2. He aha ngā X52/X60/X65/X70/X80?
"X" = paipa kaha-teitei
Tau = te kaha whakaputa iti rawa (ksi)
Ka teitei ake te papa, ka teitei ake te kaha pēhanga, ka angiangi ake ngā pakitara, ā, ka mama ake te taumaha.
3. Ngongo Rino API 5L Tuitui kore vs Tuitui
Kore-tuitui (SMLS): kāore he hononga whakarewa → kaha teitei, mahi whakarewa ōrite, pai ake mō ngā paipa pēhanga teitei.
4. Rino API 5L PSL1 me PSL2
PSL1: ngā whakaritenga paerewa ā-pūkaha/matū
PSL2: kounga pakari ake, whakamātautau pānga whakahau → e tika ana mō ngā taiao kawa, takutai moana, pāmahana iti rānei
5. Ngā Whakamahinga Noa
Ngā paipa hinu me te hau
Te tuku wai
Ngā paipa ahumahi e hiahia ana ki te ārai pēhanga me te roa o te ora
6. Ngā Rahi me ngā Paninga
Ngā Rahi: Te whānui: ½″ – 48″ +
Paninga: FBE, 3PE / 3LPE, raima, paninga rānei hei ārai i te waikura
Ngā Taipitopito Whakapā
Wāhitau
Te rohe ahumahi whanaketanga o Kangsheng,
rohe Wuqing, Tianjin pa, Haina.
Ī-mēra
Ngā Hāora
Mane-Rātapu: Ratonga 24-hāora
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